A INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL COMO RESPOSTA AOS VAZIOS INSTITUCIONAIS: UMA PERSPECTIVA MULTIDIMENSIONAL

AGOSTINI, MANUELA RÖSING; VIEIRA, LUCIANA MARQUES; BOSSLE, MARILIA BONZANINI

doi:10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n6p72-101

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Special edition social innovation: researching, defining and theorizing social innovation • RAM, Rev. Adm. Mackenzie 17 (6) • Nov-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n6p72-101 copiar

A INOVAÇÃO SOCIAL COMO RESPOSTA AOS VAZIOS INSTITUCIONAIS: UMA PERSPECTIVA MULTIDIMENSIONAL

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um arcabouço teórico para explorar a inovação social como uma resposta aos vazios institucionais em uma análise multidimensional.

Originalidade/lacuna/relevância/implicações:

Aproximar a inovação social da lente teórica da teoria institucional, na perspectiva dos vazios institucionais. Uma das lacunas é propor uma perspectiva multidimensional por meio da observação de múltiplos atores em diferentes contextos institucionais.

Principais aspectos metodológicos:

Para suportar o framework, seis proposições teóricas foram desenvolvidas a partir de lacunas teóricas identificadas em uma revisão sistemática de literatura, iniciada no Web of Knowledge.

Síntese dos principais resultados:

Os resultados indicam as dimensões que podem ser investigadas em iniciativas de inovação social que preenchem vazios institucionais. As seguintes dimensões foram encontradas: dimensões de contextos institucionais (considerando os diferentes contextos e a interferência do sistema político, de educação/trabalho, sistema financeiro e sistema cultural; dimensão de múltiplos atores (dando voz a diferentes atores que têm objetivos complementares); dimensão dos pilares institucionais (cognitiva, normativa e regulativa); e as dimensões da inovação social (modificar/transformar uma necessidade social; solução inovadora; implementação da inovação social; envolvimento dos atores e partes interessadas; e resultados efetivos).

Principais considerações/conclusões:

Este framework pode ser testado em estudos comparativos entre países com níveis distintos de desenvolvimento. Identificou-se a importância de analisar diferentes contextos sociais e os diversos atores que estão envolvidos em iniciativas de inovação social. Além disso, foram identificadas novas áreas que estão influenciando a inovação social e foram indicadas novas possibilidades para investigar esse campo.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Inovação social; Vazios institucionais; Análise multidimensional; Contexto institucional; Stakeholders

	INSTITUTIONAL VOIDS	SOCIAL INNOVATION	SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
Database	Web of knowledge	Web of knowledge	Web of knowledge
Date of the research	07/01/2016	07/01/2016	07/01/2016
Keyword	“Institutional voids”	“Social innovation”	“Social entrepreneurship” or “Social enterprise”
Total result – unrefined	75 documents	683 documents	672 documents
Period	2006 – 2016	2006 – 2016	2006 – 2016
Search domain	“Social sciences”	“Social sciences”	“Social sciences”
Areas	“Business economics”	“Business economics”	“Business economics”
Type of document	“Articles”	“Articles”	“Articles”
Language	“English”, “Spanish”, “French” and “Portuguese”	“English”, “Spanish”, “French” and “Portuguese”	“English”, “Spanish”, “French” and “Portuguese”
Selected Articles	54 documents	103 documents	217 documents
Articles analyzed entirely	24 documents (cited at least 4 times)	33 documents (cited at least 4 times)	36 documents (cited at least 18 times)
Journals	Academy of Management Journal Asia Pacific Journal of Management Business and Politics Journal of Business Venturing Journal of European Integration Journal of International Business Studies Journal of International Management Journal of Rural Studies Third World Quarterly	International Journal of Technology Management Journal of Business Ethics Technovation Technology Analysis Strategic Management	Entrepreneurship and Regional Development Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business International Small Business Journal Journal of Business Ethics Journal of Business Venturing Journal of Enterprising Communities Journal of Social Entrepreneurship

CATEGORY	MEANING	AUTHORS	SOURCE
State/ Government	The state or governments can fill institutional voids using regulations.	McDermott, 2002; Stark, 1996; Fligstein; Mara-Drita, 1996; North, 1990North, D. G. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.	Mair and Marti (2009)Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008....
Multinational companies in emerging countries	In emerging countries’ markets, multinational companies are well accepted when bringing institutional elements that are missing in the local environment.	Hoskisson, Eden, Lau and Wright, 2000; Meyer, 2004; Peng, Wang and Jiang, 2008	Cantwell, Dunning and Lundan (2010)Cantwell, J., Dunning, J. H., & Lundan, S. M. (2010). An evolutionary approach to understanding international business activity: The co-evolution of MNEs and the institutional environment. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), 567-586. DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2009.95. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.95...
Family business	Close ties built by family businesses with stakeholders can also help to fulfill institutional voids in emerging economies.	Miller, Lee, Chang and Le Breton-Miller, 2009Miller, D., Lee, J., Chang, S., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2009). Filling the institutional void: The social behavior and performance of family vs non-family technology firms in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(5), 802-817. DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2009.11. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.11...	*Miller et al. (2009)*Miller, D., Lee, J., Chang, S., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2009). Filling the institutional void: The social behavior and performance of family vs non-family technology firms in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(5), 802-817. DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2009.11. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.11...
Business groups	Business groups take advantage of voids left by the missing institutions, filling it through product, capital and labor markets.	Khanna and Rivkin, 2001Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. (2000). The future of business groups in emerging markets: Long-run evidence from Chile. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 268-285.; Khanna and Palepu, 2000Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. (2000). The future of business groups in emerging markets: Long-run evidence from Chile. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 268-285.; Leff, 1978	Mair and Marti (2009)Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.... ; Khanna and Palepu (2000)Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. (2000). The future of business groups in emerging markets: Long-run evidence from Chile. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 268-285.
Diverse set of actors	A diverse set of actors that are experimenting with new and often provisional market institutional arrangements to fill institutional voids, e.g. social movement, publicprivate organizations, religious organizations.	Mc Dermott, 2007	Mair and Marti (2009)Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008....
Informal institutions	Economies in transition are often characterized by underdeveloped formal institutions, often resulting in an unstable environment and creating a void usually filled by informal institutions.	*Puffer et al., 2010*Puffer, S. M., McCarthy, D. J., & Boisot, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship in Russia and China: The impact of formal institutional voids. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3), 441-467. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00353.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009...	*Puffer et al. 2010)*Puffer, S. M., McCarthy, D. J., & Boisot, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship in Russia and China: The impact of formal institutional voids. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3), 441-467. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00353.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009...
Social entrepreneur	For these entrepreneurs markets are not an end in themselves or a means to appropriate value; markets are viewed as an important social structure and a mechanism to foster social and economic development.	Mair and Marti, 2009Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008....	Mair and Marti (2009, p. 422)Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008....
Clusters	Institutional voids affect the competitiveness of SMEs existing in transition economies. Cluster services can be effective measure to bridge these voids.	Schrammel, 2014Schrammel, T. (2014). Clusters as an instrument to bridge institutional voids in transition economies. Passau, Germany: Springer Gabler.	Schrammel (2014)Schrammel, T. (2014). Clusters as an instrument to bridge institutional voids in transition economies. Passau, Germany: Springer Gabler.

AUTHOR	SOCIAL INNOVATION CONCEPT	CONCEPT’S EMPHASIS
Taylor (1970)Taylor, J. B. (1970). Introducing social innovation. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 6(1), 69-77.	Social innovation as the search of responses to social needs through the introduction of a social invention, i.e., a “new way of doing things,” a new social organization	Seminal concept addressing a new form of social organization.
Cloutier (2003)Cloutier, J. (2003). Qu'est ce que l'innovation sociale? Les Cahiers du CRISES. Collection Études Théoriques, ET0314. Québec: Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Sociales.	Social Innovation as a new response to an unfavorable social situation that seeks the well-being of individuals and /or communities through action and sustainable change.	Innovative answers to create sustainable changes.
Rodrigues (2006)Rodrigues, A. L. (2006). Modelos de gestão e inovação social em organizações sem fins lucrativos: Divergências e convergências entre nonprofit sector e economia social. In Anais do Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração. Salvador, BA, Brasil, 30.	Social innovations can occur intentionally or emerge from a process of social change without prior planning and they can occur in three levels: social actors; organizations and institutions.	Process of social change with different stakeholders.
*Mulgan et al. (2007, p. 8)*Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., & Sanders, B. (2007). Social innovation: What it is, why it matters and how it can be accelerated. Retrieved from January, 12, 2016, from http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/faculty-research/skoll/research/social-innovation-reports-resources/social-innovation-what-it-why-it-matters-how-it-can-be-accelerated http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/faculty-research...	Innovative activities and services motivated by the goal of meeting a social need and predominantly developed and diffused through organizations whose primary purposes are social.	Confirm actions taken by social organizations.
Bignetti (2011)Bignetti, L. P. (2011). As inovações sociais: uma incursão por ideias, tendências e focos de pesquisa. Ciências Sociais Unisinos, 47(1), 3-14. DOI: 10.4013/csu.2011.47.1.01. https://doi.org/10.4013/csu.2011.47.1.01...	Social innovation is the result of knowledge applied to social needs through participation and cooperation of all stakeholders, creating new and lasting solutions to social groups, communities or society in general.	New durable solution for a wide range of stakeholders.
Centre de Recherche sur les Innovations Socials (2015)	Social innovation is a process initiated by social actors to respond to an aspiration, fulfill a need, a solution or seize an opportunity of action to change social relations, to transform a frame or propose new cultural orientations to improve the quality and community living conditions.	Wider concept that highlights innovation as a process of change of social relations.
Haxeltine et al. (2015)Haxeltine, A., Kemp, R., Dumitru, A., Avelino, F., Pel, B., & Wittmayer, J. (2015). TRANSIT WP3 deliverable D3 2 - "A first prototype of TSI theory" Brussels.	Transformative Social Innovation, as “change in social relations, involving new ways of doing, organizing, framing and/or knowing, which challenges, alters and/or replaces dominant institutions/structures in a specific social context”.	Concept that evokes the concept of transformative social innovation.

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[TFN1] Source: Elaborated by the authors.