Evaluation of mucin-1, nuclear factor κB, and hemoglobin A1c levels in obese and non-obese individuals

Fadıloğlu, Müjde; Bozkurt, Ahmet Sarper; Akarsu, Ersin; Yilmaz, Şenay Görücü; Sayiner, Zeynel Abidin; Ulusal, Hasan

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20231214

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (4) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20231214 copy

Evaluation of mucin-1, nuclear factor κB, and hemoglobin A1c levels in obese and non-obese individuals

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

Obesity is a chronic multisystem disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Obesity, which is a complex, multifactorial, and heterogeneous condition, is thought to result from the interaction of environmental, physiological, and genetic factors. In this study, the relationship between serum levels of hemoglobin A1c, mucin-1, and nuclear factor κB in obese and healthy cohorts was evaluated along with biochemical and gene expressions and with demographic and clinical covariates, and their effects on obesity were evaluated.

METHODS:

This case–control study included a total of 80 individuals, 40 healthy controls and 40 obesity patients, consisting of female and male aged between 18 and 63 years. Hemoglobin A1c, mucin-1, and nuclear factor κB levels were determined by ELISA in serum samples obtained from patients. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, low density lipoprotein, and glucose values were measured. The gene expressions of the same markers were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and their regulation status was defined.

RESULTS:

Serum levels of hemoglobin A1c, mucin-1, and nuclear factor κB were found to be high in obese individuals (p<0.05). The gene expression of these serum markers was found to be upregulated. Of the anthropometric measurements, waist circumference and body mass index were correlated with both serum markers and gene expressions (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

In addition to the known association of hemoglobin A1c and nuclear factor κB with obesity, serum levels of mucin-1 as well as upregulation of genes point to its modifier effect on obesity. These parameters can be the powerful markers in the diagnosis of obesity.

KEYWORDS:
Obesity; MUC1; NF-κB; HbA1c

Covariates	Groups	Mean	df	SD	SE	95%CI	p-value
Gender	Control	0.35	34	0.483	0.076	0.20–0.50	0.816
Gender	Patient	0.33	33	0.474	0.075	0.17–0.48	0.816
Lenght (cm)	Control	166.65	34	9.404	1.487	163.64–169.66	0.674
Lenght (cm)	Patient	167.48	33	7.994	1.264	164.92–170.03	0.674
Weight (cm)	Control	64.48	34	7.776	1.229	61.99–66.96	0.007 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
Weight (cm)	Patient	116.88	33	18.669	18.763	78.92–154.83
BMI (kg/m²)	Control	24.09	34	5.94	0.93922	22.190–25.990	0.000 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
BMI (kg/m²)	Patient	34.992	33	6.057	0.9577	33.055–36.930
Waist circumference (cm)	Control	77.18	34	8.041	1.271	74.60–79.75	0.000 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
Waist circumference (cm)	Patient	111.38	33	14.565	2.303	106.72–116.03
HbA1c (mg/mL)	Control	50.745	34	50.745	4.13301	42.385–59.104	0.000 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
HbA1c (mg/mL)	Patient	87.869	33	87.869	6.57524	74.570–101.168
MUC1 (mg/mL)	Control	4.693	34	4.693	0.50313	3.675–5.710	0.001 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
MUC1 (mg/mL)	Patient	10.5	33	10.5	1.74677	6.954–14.046
NF-κB (mg/mL)	Control	1.306	34	1.306	0.5006	1.145–1.466	0.000 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
NF-κB (mg/mL)	Patient	1.904	33	1.94	0.41727	1.807–2.074
Glucose (mg/mL)	Control	101.14	34	101.14	31.956	90.48–111.79	0.622
Glucose (mg/mL)	Patient	105.89	33	105.89	48.853	89.60–122.18	0.622
ALT (U/L)	Control	22.65	34	22.65	16.794	17.05–28.25	0.952
ALT (U/L)	Patient	22.46	33	22.46	9.714	19.22–25.70	0.952
AST (U/L)	Control	22.11	34	22.11	6.729	19.84–24.39	0.035 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
AST (U/L)	Patient	27.59	33	27.59	13.783	23.00–32.19
LDL (mg/mL)	Control	120.53	34	120.53	25.773	111.54–129.52	0.181
LDL (mg/mL)	Patient	128.84	33	128.84	25.973	120.18–137.50	0.181

Covariates	Groups	Mean	df	SD	SE	95%CI	p-value
HbA1c	Control	7.246	1	0.477	0.075	7.093–7.399	0.001 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
HbA1c	Patient	13.438	1	0.303	0.048	13.341–13.534
MUC1	Control	6.075	1	0.534	0.084	5.905–6.246	0.001 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
MUC1	Patient	12.752	1	0.495	0.078	12.594–12.911
NF-κB	Control	8.158	1	0.59	0.093	7.964–8.347	0.001 ^* * p<0.05 is significant, SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
NF-κB	Patient	12.699	1	1.039	0.164	12.367–13.032

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[1] *Corresponding author: ahmetsarperbozkurt@hotmail.com