Reduced expression of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in axial spondyloarthritis

Yıldırım, Nurdan Oruçoğlu; Balcı, Şenay; Tamer, Lülüfer

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20231521

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (4) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20231521 copy

Reduced expression of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in axial spondyloarthritis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to investigate the value of miR-29a-3p, miR-27a, miR126-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-625-3p, miR-130a, miR-32, miR-218, miR-131, and miR5196 in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis and to determine whether there is a difference in miRNA expression levels between radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, as well as the relationship between miRNA expression levels, disease activity, and uveitis history.

METHODS:

This study included 50 patients with axial spondyloarthritis (25 with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and 25 with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis) and 25 healthy individuals. The fold change of miRNA expression for each miRNA was calculated using the 2^-ΔΔCt method.

RESULTS:

The expression of all miRNAs except miR-130a was downregulated in axial spondyloarthritis patients (miR-27a: fold regulation: −11.21, p<0.001; miR-29a-3p: fold regulation: −2.63, p<0.001; miR-32: fold regulation: −2.94, p=0.002; miR-126-3p: fold regulation −10.94, p<0.001; miR-132: fold regulation: −2.18, p<0.001; miR-146-5p: fold regulation: −9.78, p<0.001; miR-218: fold regulation: −2.65, p<0.001; miR-625-3p: fold regulation: −2.01, p=0.001; miR-5196-3p: fold regulation: −7.04, p<0.001). The expression levels of these miRNAs did not differ significantly between non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients (p>0.05 for all).

CONCLUSION:

Particularly, miR-27a, miR-126-3p, miR-146-5p, and miR-5196-3p were found to be substantially downregulated in both non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for axial spondyloarthritis.

KEYWORDS:
Axial spondyloarthritis; microRNA; Uveitis

	nr-AxSpA (n=25) (mean+SD)	r-AxSpA (n=25) (mean+SD)	HC (n=25) (mean+SD)	p-value
Age (years)	39.72±6.71	41.68±9.99	40.55±6.43	0.664
Sex (n/%) (female/male)	14/11 (56/44%)	10/15 (40/60%)	12/13 (48/52%)	0.399
ESR, mm/h	16.12±9.97	19.22±16.62	5.42±4.08	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				0.922§
CRP, mg/L	9.06±10.75	13.39±13.39	2.26±1.65	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				0.265§
Disease duration (months)	51.76±35.78	115.2±103.53	N/A	0.032
HLA-B27 positivity (n/%)	13 (52%)	17 (68%)	N/A	0.253
BASDAI	3.79±1.77	4.26±1.20	N/A	0.317
ASDAS-CRP	2.85±1.13	3.29±0.89	N/A	0.133

	HC ΔCt (mean±SD)	nr-AxSpA ΔCt (mean±SD)	r-AxSpA ΔCt (mean±SD)	p-value
miR-27a	1.88±1.69	5.99±2.49	5.50±1.54	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.649§
miR-29a-3p	5.93±1.35	8.42±2.01	7.23±1.60	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				0.009^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.066§
miR-32	2.97±1.82	5.06±25	4.60±1.70	0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				0.011^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.684§
miR-126-3p	0.94±1.85	5.19±2.59	4.42±1.86	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.204§
miR-130a	-2.02±1.73	-0.71±2.44	-2.18±1.95	0.06
miR-132	3.06±1.38	5.75±2.55	5.07±1.69	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.510§
miR-146-5p	-3.18±4.57	4.57±3.24	3.07±2.58	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.177§
miR-218	-4.93±1.37	-2.39±2.39	-3.20±2.20	<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.005^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.438§
miR-625-3p	2.43±2.94	5.13±2.78	4.67±2.15	0.005^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				0.010^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.789§
miR-5196-3p	4.02±1.92	6.81±1.52	6.55±1.64	<0.001^† † p-value between HC and Nr-AxSpA;
				<0.001^‡ ‡ p-value between HC and r-AxSpA;
				0.859§

	AUC	95%CI	Optimal cutoff	Sensitivity	Specificity	p-value
miR-27a	0.933	0.866–0.999	3.57	90%	88%	<0.001
miR-29a-3p	0.828	0.724–0.931	6.43	78%	84%	<0.001
miR-32	0.756	0.639–0.872	3.79	70%	76%	<0.001
miR-126-3p	0.892	0.819–0.965	2.6	74%	76%	<0.001
miR-132	0.836	0.740–0.931	3.65	76%	80%	<0.001
miR-146-5p	0.962	0.914–1.000	0.24	94%	92%	<0.001
miR-218	0.816	0.713–0.920	-4.46	74%	76%	<0.001
miR-625-3p	0.749	0.637–0.860	3.05	72%	68%	<0.001
miR-5196-3p	0.846	0.742–0.949	5.33	78%	80%	<0.001

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[1] *Corresponding author: nurdanorucoglu@yahoo.com