PIG SLURRY IMPROVES THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EUCALYPT AND EXCEEDS THE MINERAL FERTILIZATION

Rosa, Anderson; Pereira, Natalia; Damaceno, Felippe Martins; Zanão Júnior, Luiz Antônio

doi:10.1590/1806-908820220000024

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Scientific Article • Rev. Árvore 46 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000024 copy

PIG SLURRY IMPROVES THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EUCALYPT AND EXCEEDS THE MINERAL FERTILIZATION

DEJETO DE SUÍNO MELHORA O DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DO EUCALIPTO E SUPERA A ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The nutrients contained in the liquid pig slurry (PS) make this residue a potential organic fertilizer for the cultivation of tree species for the production of wood, which can promote the circular economy. This research aimed to evaluate soil chemical parameters, nutritional status, and development of hybrid eucalyptus clone urograndis from PS application for three consecutive years. The treatments evaluated were without fertilization (C); mineral fertilization (NPK) – 300 kg ha^-1 year¹ of the 02-30-10 formulation; fertigation with PS of 200 m³ ha^-1 year¹ (FPS200); and fertigation with PS of 400 m³ ha^-1 year1 (FPS400). Macronutrients and micronutrients from leaves and soil were evaluated. Tree development was analyzed using stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). PS treatments resulted in leaves with higher accumulation of K and P and lower accumulation of N, Ca, M, S, Cu, and Fe. The treatments FPS200 and FPS400 presented DBH and Ht equal or superior to the mineral fertilization. Fertilizations with NPK, FPS200, and FPS400 resulted, respectively, in DBH increments 16, 27, and 30% higher than the control. Regarding the chemical attributes of the soil, the use of PS reduced the pH of the soil and increased the levels of P in comparison with the other treatments. The micronutrient values were adequate for fertility and no accumulation of potentially toxic elements at a level considered harmful was observed. The application of PS in eucalyptus hybrid urograndis proved to be an attractive alternative to increase wood production.

Keywords:
Circular Economy; Eucalyptus hybrid urograndis; Organic fertilization

Table 1 Macronutrient and micronutrient contents in eucalypt hybrid urograndis leaves in the year 2018 at 52 months of age, 2019 at 64 months of age, 2020 at 77 months of age, followed by applications of pig slurry in the soil (mean±standard deviation).

Treatment¹ 1Treatments: C indicates the control treatments without fertilization with manures or fertilizer; NPK indicates the treatments with mineral fertilization; FPS200 indicates the treatments in which 200 m3/ha of PS were applied; and FPS400 indicates the treatments in which 400 m3/ha of PS were applied.	Age² 2Age of plants in months.	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
	Age² 2Age of plants in months.	g kg^-1						mg kg^-1
C	52	19.02±2.3 ab	0.87±0.0 c	5.00±0.6 a	7.75±2.3 b	1.59±0.1 c	1.30±0.0 a	25.53±3.5 b	7.70±0.6 a	205.05±31.3 a	272.99±47.5 d	11.21±0.8 bc
NPK		18.01±1.7 b	0.80±0.0 c	5.02±0.7 a	9.84±1.9 a	1.71±0.1 bc	1.31±0.0 a	26.28±6.2 b	7.23±0.6 ab	200.42±58.8 a	473.68±169.4 c	12.80±1.3 ab
FPS200		18.65±1.4 b	1.16±0.3 b	5.17±0.7 a	7.04±2.1 bc	1.88±0.2 ab	1.25±0.1 a	26.41±5.8 ab	7.52±1.5 a	94.60±20.5 b	1434.28±298.9 b	14.57±4.0 a
FPS400		20.18±1.3 a	1.81±0.4 a	5.18±0.7 a	5.42±0.9 c	2.08±0.3 b	1.25±0.0 a	31.34±7.8 a	6.44±1.1 b	86.00±20.1 b	2289.70±315.7 a	10.68±1.5 c
C	64	20.61±1.9 a	1.08±0.2 a	7.35±2.0 b	10.74±1.7 b	2.36±0.5 a	1.51±0.1 b	35.92±8.1 a	7.36±1.6 a	141.55±38.7 a	344.69±55.7 d	14.85±1.9 c
NPK		19.27±2.9 a	1.15±0.3 a	7.79±1.9 ab	9.6±3.8 ab	2.54±.4 a	1.45±0.1 b	36.07±12.3 a	7.33±2.4 a	108.09±40.6 b	681.67±197.6 c	17.02±8.3 bc
FPS200		19.48±2.3 a	1.28±0.2 a	8.79±1.6 a	7.76±1.9 b	1.91±0.3 a	1.60±0.2 ab	35.71±6.5 a	7.26±1.3 a	99.70±29.6 b	1270.52±164.8 b	22.18±13 ab
FPS400		19.57±2.7 a	1.28±0.2 a	9.17±0.9 a	11.01±5.2 a	2.22±0.3 a	1.74±0.3 a	37.53±5.7 a	7.62±1.1 a	95.05±20.8 b	1734.99±327.2 a	25.89±5.2 a
C	77	23.05±2.6 ab	1.26±0.1 b	6.08±0.9 b	13.14±4.7 a	3.07±0.3 a	2.09±0.2 a	28.80±15 a	5.04±1.4 b	296.45±50 a	439.73±110 d	11.65±.5 c
NPK		23.51±2.1 a	1.53±0.4 a	6.64±1.4 b	10.58±1.5 ab 2.80±0.5 ab	1.94±0.1 ab	19.67±4.2 b	6.84±1.4 a	430.50±199 a	725.97±09 c	14.52±3.7 bc
FPS200		23.72±1.5 a	1.54±0.3 a	7.01±1.2 ab	9.23±1.4 b	2.67±0.4 b	1.97±02 ab	18.25±5 b	5.59±1.4 b	318.88±260 a	1041.60±80 b	15.20±3.9 b
FPS400		21.58±2.5 b	1.71±0.1 a	8.04±2.1 a	8.94±3.8 b	2.56±0.3 b	1.81±0.2 b	20.32±5.5 b	4.92±0.4 b	129.73±57 b	1386.75±57 a	22.42±6.0 a
VF³ 3Reference values according to the Manual of fertilization and liming for the State of Paraná (SBCS/NEPAR, 2017).		13.5-18.0	0.9-1.3	9.0-13.0	6.0-10.0	3.5-5.0	1.5-2.0	30.0-50.0	7.0-10.0	150.0-200	400-600	0.5-1.0

Table 2 Soil chemical attributes in the study areas with eucalypt hybrid urograndis in the year 2018 at 52 months of age, 2019 at 64 months of age, 2020 at 77 months of age, followed by applications of pig slurry (mean±standard deviation).

Treatment¹ 1Treatments: C - control treatments without fertilization with manures or fertilizer; NPK - treatments with mineral fertilization; FPS200 indicates - treatments in which 200 m3/ha of PS were applied; and FPS400 - treatments in which 400 m3/ha of PS were applied.	Age² 2Age of plants in months. nd: means not determined.	OM	pH CaCl₂	K	Ca	Mg	Al	CEC	V	P	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
	Age² 2Age of plants in months. nd: means not determined.	g dm³	PH	cmol_c dm³					%	mg dm³
C	52	39.3±8.3^a	4.8±0.1^b	0.7±0.2^a	8.4±3.1^a	2.3±0.6^ab	0.1±0.1^bc	18.2±3.8^a	61.8±8.2^a	2.9±0.9^c	6.8±2.0^b	32.9±5.6^b	314±110^a	5.2±1.7^a
NPK		37.5±11.4^a	5.1±0.1^a	0.7±0.1^a	8.9±2.5^a	2.5±0.5^a	0.0±0.0^c	17.4±2.5^ab	68.7±8.0^a	13.9±4.7^a	5.2±1.7^b	37.5±11.6^ab	293±110^ab	5.7±1.5^a
FPS200		34.7±11.5^ab	4.6±0.0^c	0.6±0.2^a	5.9±1.8^b	1.9±0.6^b	0.4±0.2^b	15.5±2.3^bc	52.6±9.3^b	6.6±1.7^b	7.3±3.1^a	37.7±7.8^ab	256±85^ab	4.8±1.6^a
FPS400		26.4±9.9^b	4.3±0.1^c	0.5±0.2^a	4.0±1.4^b	1.3±0.2^c	1.0±0.6^a	14.6±2.4^c	39.7±8.0^c	13.9±3.2^a	9.4±3.6^a	43.1±7.4^a	221±110^b	4.7±1.5^a
C	64	28.5±4.9^b	5.3±0.5^b	0.4±0.0^b	4.9±1.9^b	1.4±0.5^b	0.0±0.0^c	13.4±2.5^b	49.3±8.2^b	1.5±0.5^c	11.2±2.2^b	26.4±4.6^b	113±40^b	4.4±2.3^a
NPK		39.9±19.4^ab	5.7±0.2ⁿ	0.9±0.1^a	9.9±2.1^a	2.9±1.3^a	0.0±0.0^c	16.0±3.2^a	85.9±3.3^a	14.6±3.1^a	7.9±0.9^c	37.2±4.8^b	135±102^b	4.6±1.2^a
FPS200		30.3±4.0^b	4.2±0.1^c	0.4±0.0^b	2.9±0.8^c	1.2±0.3^b	1.5±0.5^b	13.9±0.9^b	32.5±6.2^c	5.1±1.9^c	13.0±2.4^a	27.8±6.0^b	155±40^ab	4.7±1.3^a
FPS400		48.1±22.3^a	3.7±0.1^d	0.5±0.2^b	1.5±0.6^d	0.6±0.2^c	2.1±0.3^a	17.2±1.4^a	15.2±5.6^d	13.2±3.6^a	14.3±14.9^a	55.9±24.9^a	204±57^b	3.8±1.5^a
C	77	79.2*10.1^a	5.1±0.2^b	0.7±0.0^b	5.6±1.3^b	3.6±1.0^a	0.2±0.2^c	14.8±2.9^b	65.8±5.0^b	2.2±0.7^c	8.1±1.2^b	28.4±4.8^c	184±44^a	6.5±1.0^a
NPK		50.6±14.2^b	5.7±0.3^a	0.9±0.2^a	10.8±2.6^a	4.1±0.7^a	0.0±0.0^c	18.3±3.4^a	86.3±4.7^a	16.9±4.3^a	8.7±2.5^b	39.6±9.8^b	191±105^b	4.7±1.1b
FPS200		50.8±9.6^b	4.5±0.1^c	0.5±0.4^c	7.1±2.5^b	2.4±0.6^b	1.5±0.4^b	16.2±2.2^ab	60.7±9.6^b	5.1±1.4^b	12.7±2.0^a	41.3±10.1^b	210±62^b	4.6±1.3^b
FPS400		71.8±14.2^a	3.7±0.1^d	0.6±0.2^b	2.7±0.8^c	1.0±0.3^c	1.8±0.2^a	16.7±2.9^ab	27.6±9.6^c	17.5±3.1^a	13.9±3.5^a	65.9±10.1^a	235±44^ab	3.3±0.6^c
VF³ 3Range of reference values according to the Manual of fertilization and liming for the State of Paraná (SBCS/NEPAR, 2017).		14.0-34.0	4.5-6.0	0.06-0.45	1.0-6.0	0.5-2.0	0-2.5	5.0-24.0	35.0-70.0	3.0-12.0	0.2-20.0	nd	15-200	1.3-10
VSQ⁴ 4Reference standard values for the quality of substances in the soil (Cetesb, 2016). nd: means not determined.		nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	<35	nd	nd	<60

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