Maxir, Henrique dos Santos; Masullo, Liamara Santos

doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000300018

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 41 (3) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000300018 copiar

A INSERÇÃO DO BRASIL NO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL DE PRODUTOS DA CADEIA FLORESTAL

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A crescente demanda por produtos florestais e o aumento do interesse mundial por esses mercados gera a necessidade de se estudar o comportamento e definir o papel do Brasil diante de outros países competitivos do setor. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o comércio internacional de produtos da cadeia florestal no período de 2000 a 2014. Para isto, utilizaram-se indicadores de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (VCR) e Desvantagens Comparativas Reveladas (DCR), analisando-os a partir da matriz do Índice de Aquino, e também por meio da análise intraindustrial e interindustrial com o uso do Índice de Grubel-Lloyd. Os resultados apontam que o Brasil possui VCR em alguns dos segmentos avaliados, como nos setores de biomassa florestal energética; painéis, pisos e obras de madeira; e celulose. Para a categoria madeira, o Brasil é pouco dependente de importações, e para o item papel ainda existe uma grande dependência relativa dos mercados externos.

Palavras-Chave:
Vantagem Comparativa; Comércio intraindustrial; Economia florestal

Table 1 Classification of selected products in the forest chain.

Products	HS	Description
Wood fuel	44.01	Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles;sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms.
Wood	44.03	Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared.
	44.04	Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets and stakes of wood, pointed but not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed but not turned, bent or otherwise worked, suitable for the manufacture of walking-sticks, umbrellas, tool handles.
	44.05	Wood wool; wood flour.
	44.06	Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood.
	44.07	Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm.
	44.08	Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood (whether or not spliced) and other wood sawn lengthwise, slicedor peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed,of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm.
Panels, floors and wood articles	44.09	Wood (including strips and friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled) continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, grooved, rebated, chamfered, V-jlinted, beaded, moulded, rounded or the like) along any of its edges or faces, whether or not.
	44.10	Particle board and similar board of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances.
	44.11	Fiberboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances.
	44.12	Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood.
	44.13	Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes.
	44.14	Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects.
	44.15	Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood.
	44.16	Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves.
	44.17	Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood.
	44.18	Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled parquet panels, shingles and shakes.
	44.19	Tableware and kitchenware, of wood.
	44.20	Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewelry or cutlery, and similar articles, of wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling in Chapter 94.
	44.21	Other articles of wood.
Cork	45	Cork and articles of cork.
Pulp of wood	47.01	Mechanical wood pulp.
	47.02	Chemical wood pulp, dissolving grades.
	47.03	Chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, other than dissolving grades.
	47.04	Chemical wood pulp, sulphite, other than dissolving grades.
	47.05	Semi-chemical wood pulp.
Paper	48	Paper & paperboard; art of paper pulp, paper/paperboard.

Table 2 Rank of the major forest products exporters in 2014 (US$ billion FOB).

Country	Forest chain		Fuel wood		Wood		Panels, floors and wood articles		Cork		Pulp of wood		Paper
Germany	32.70	9.55%	0.42	5.20%	2.80	5.17%	5.91	8.22%	0.036	2.01%	1.01	2.85%	22.52	13.18%
USA	31.70	9.26%	0.83	10.31%	6.55	12.08%	2.34	3.26%	0.031	1.69%	5.60	15.85%	16.34	9.56%
Canada	27.74	8.10%	0.35	4.35%	8.93	16.46%	3.38	4.70%	0.005	0.27%	6.52	18.44%	8.56	5.01%
Chile	23.23	6.79%	0.31	3.83%	1.03	1.89%	1.17	1.62%	0.012	0.68%	2.89	8.18%	17.82	10.43%
Sweden	17.49	5.11%	0.08	0.96%	3.64	6.71%	0.94	1.30%	0.003	0.19%	2.65	7.49%	10.18	5.96%
China	16.01	4.68%	0.05	0.59%	0.59	1.10%	13.74	19.11%	0.020	1.09%	0.01	0.04%	1.60	0.93%
Finland	14.82	4.33%	0.03	0.36%	2.18	4.01%	1.06	1.48%	0.000	0.01%	2.12	6.00%	9.43	5.52%
Russia	11.14	3.26%	0.25	3.06%	5.65	10.42%	1.86	2.59%	0.001	0.04%	1.12	3.17%	2.26	1.32%
France	10.67	3.12%	0.12	1.47%	0.84	1.54%	1.95	2.71%	0.085	4.67%	0.44	1.24%	7.25	4.24%
Austria	10.58	3.09%	0.20	2.43%	1.58	2.91%	3.11	4.33%	0.009	0.49%	0.28	0.78%	5.41	3.16%
Italy	10.04	2.93%	0.01	0.17%	0.38	0.69%	1.69	2.35%	0.057	3.14%	0.03	0.07%	7.88	4.61%
Brazil	9.46	2.76%	0.13	1.66%	0.49	0.90%	1.62	2.25%	0.002	0.12%	5.29	14.97%	1.92	1.12%
Indonesia	9.38	2.74%	0.23	2.87%	0.08	0.15%	3.60	5.01%	0.000	0.01%	1.72	4.86%	3.74	2.19%
Poland	8.58	2.51%	0.14	1.77%	0.54	0.99%	3.45	4.79%	0.007	0.40%	0.12	0.35%	4.32	2.53%
Belgium	8.13	2.37%	0.10	1.20%	0.84	1.56%	1.82	2.54%	0.013	0.69%	0.57	1.61%	4.78	2.80%
Total	241.66	70.61%	3.25	40.23%	36.11	66.58%	47.64	66.26%	0.280	15.50%	30.37	85.91%	124.02	72.56%
Others	100.60	29.39%	4.82	59.77%	18.12	33.42%	24.26	33.74%	1.528	84.50%	4.98	14.09%	46.89	27.44%
World	342.27	100.00%	8.07	100.00%	54.23	100.00%	71.90	100.00%	1.808	100.00%	35.35	100.00%	170.91	100.00%

Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 - Viçosa - Minas Gerais - Brazil, Tel: (55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rarvore@sif.org.br

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