Can motor competence be a better predictor of adiposity indicators than physical activity in children? A longitudinal study

Alarcón-Aguilar, Javiera; Queiroz, Daniel da Rocha; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Lima, Maria Mylena Aguiar de; Hardman, Carla Menêses; Wanderley Júnior, Rildo de Souza; Mota, Jorge; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes de; Santos, Marcos André Moura dos

doi:10.12820/rbafs.31e0423

person Javiera Alarcón-Aguilar

Conceptualization · Methodology · Formal analysis · Writing - original draft · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Pernambuco, School of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, BrazilschoolUniversidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar, Santiago, Chile

0000-0003-4267-046X

person Daniel da Rocha Queiroz

Conceptualization · Methodology · Formal analysis · Writing - original draft · Approval of the final version

schoolFederal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0002-9901-4677

person Fernanda Cunha Soares

Formal analysis · Investigation · Data curation · Writing - review · ed-iting · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Pernambuco, School of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0001-6465-3164

person Maria Mylena Aguiar de Lima

Investigation · Writing - review · editing · Approval of the final version

schoolFederal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0001-6584-6339

person Carla Menêses Hardman

Data curation · Writing - review · editing · Approval of the final version

schoolFederal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0002-4355-0112

person Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior

Formal analysis · Investigation · Data curation · Writing - review · ed-iting · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Pernambuco, School of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0001-6141-4483

person Jorge Mota

Methodology · Writing - review · editing · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Porto, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Sport, Porto, Portugal

0000-0001-7571-9181

person Carlos Cristi-Montero

Methodology · Writing - review · editing · Approval of the final version

schoolPontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, IRyS group, Physical Education School, Valparaíso, Chile

0000-0002-9940-507X

person Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros

Conceptualization · Methodology · Writing - review · editing · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Pernambuco, School of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0003-3165-0965

person Marcos André Moura dos Santos

Con-ceptualization · Methodology · Formal analysis · Writing - original draft · Approval of the final version

schoolUniversity of Pernambuco, School of Physical Education, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

0000-0002-2734-8416

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Editor in Chief

Raphael Ritti-Dias

Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Section editor

Antonio Stabelini Neto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-943X

Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná,

Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil.

CORRESPONDING Daniel da Rocha Queiroz,
daniel.rochaqueiroz@ufpe.br, Avenida Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zip Code: 50740-560.

Variables	2014 (n = 391) Mean (standard deviation)	Drop-out (n = 228) Mean (standard deviation)	p	Total (n = 619) Mean (standard deviation)
Age (years)	6.34 (0.72)	6.24 (0.74)	0.11	6.30 (0.73)
Birth weight (kg)	3.26 (0.69)	3.23 (0.64)	0.62	3.25 (0.67)
Body mass index (kg/m²)	16.86 (3.24)	16.98 (3.18)	0.64	16.91 (3.22)
Waist circumference (cm)	57.86 (7.90)	58.04 (8.33)	0.79	57.93 (8.05)
Skinfolds - triceps+subscapular (mm)	19.20 (8.99)	19.79 (10.22)	0.45	19.42 (9.45)
Motor competence - Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (points)	96.81 (34.89)	93.84 (32.51)	0.28	95.77 (34.03)
Moderate to vigorous physical activity (min)	60.27 (24.02)	60.81 (20.65)	0.79	60.44 (22.73)
	Frequency n (%)	Frequency n (%)	p	Frequency n (%)
Gender
Male	183 (46.8)	115 (50.4)	0.37	298 (48.1)
Female	208 (53.2)	113 (49.6)	0.37	321 (51.9)
Family income
Low	147 (37.6)	88 (38.6)	0.37	235 (38.0)
Average	181 (46.3)	115 (50.4)		296 (47.8)
High	63 (16.1)	25 (11.0)		88 (14.2)

Variables	Boys (n = 183) Mean (standard	Girls (n = 208) Mean (standard	_p Total (n = 391) Mean (standard deviation)
	deviation)	deviation)
Age in 2012 (years)	6.32 (0.74)	6.35 (0.70)	0.75	6.34 (0.72)
Birth weight (kg)	3.16 (0.65)	3.35 (0.72)	<0.01	3.26 (0.69)
Body mass index in 2014 (kg/m²)	17.71 (3.99)	17.85 (4.13)	0.75	17.78 (12.37)
Waist circumference in 2014 (cm)	63.13 (9.91)	64.47 (10.31)	0.19	63.85 (10.13)
Summation skinfold in 2014 (mm)	26.45 (12.84)	24.15 (13.96)	0.09	25.23 (13.48)
Motor competence - Körperkoordination Test fur Kinder in 2012 (points)	94.01 (33.51)	99.27 (35.96)	0.13	96.81 (34.89)
Moderate to vigorous physical activity in 2012 (min)	58.32 (24.38)	61.96 (23.66)	0.23	60.27 (24.02)
Variation skinfold (2014-2012)	5.80 (7.90)	6.21 (7.67)	0.60	6.02 (7.77)
Variation body mass index (2014-2012)	1.11 (2.57)	1.12 (2.25)	0.95	1.12 (2.41)
Variation waist circumference (2014-2012)	5.72 (4.50)	6.17 (4.63)	0.33	5.96 (4.57)
Variation peak height velocity (2014-2012)	017 (0.20)	2.54 (0.58)	<0.01	1.40 (1.26)
	Frequency n (%)	Frequency n (%)	p	Frequency n (%)
Family income in 2012
Low	73 (39.9)	74 (35.6)	0.60	147 (37.6)
Average	80 (43.7)	101 (48.6)		181 (46.3)
High	30 (16.4)	33 (15.9)		63 (16.1)

	Sum of skinfolds in 2014 (mm)
	Unadjusted Model		Adjusted Model Boys			Girls
	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	β (Standard	^p	β (Standard error)	^p
Intercept	-	-	17.68 (6.80)	0.01 13.65 (11.98)	0.25	7.53 (11.34)	0.50
Motor competence - Körperkoordination Test fur Kinder in 2012 (points)	- 0.14 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.09 (0.01)	<0.01 - 0.11 (0.02)	<0.01	- 0.17 (0.03)	<0.01
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 2012 (min)	- 0.03 (0.03)	0.32	- 0.03 (0.02)	0.05 - 0.06 (0.02)	0.03
Age in 2012 (years)	0.40 (0.94)	0.67		2.13 (1.13)	0.06	3.17 (1.90)	0.09
Gender (Girls)	2.29 (1.36)	0.09	-2.76 (0.98)	<0.01
Family income in 2012	1.71 (0.97)	0.07
Variation skinfold (2014-2012)	1.33 (0.05)	<0.01	1.36 (0.06)	<0.01 1.21 (0.09)	<0.01
Variation peak height velocity (2014-2012) (years)	-0.43 (0.55)	0.43		-9.11 (3.78)	0.01	5.16 (1.74)	<0.01
Birth weight (kg)	0.90 (1.00)	0.36		1.89 (0.99)	0.06
Coefficient of determination	-		0.71	0.70		0.22
Variance Inflation Factor	-		1.02	1.18		1.20
Akaike Information Criterion	-		1535.61	748.83		917.77

	Body mass index in 2014 (kg/m²)
	Unadjusted Model		Adjusted Model		Boys		Girls
	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p
Intercept	-	-	12.44 (3.12)	<0.01	11.75 (3.99)	<0.01	16.71 (1.48)	<0.01
Motor competence - Körperkoordination Test fur Kinder in 2012 (points)	- 0.03 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.02 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.03 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.02 (0.01)	<0.01
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 2012 (min)	- 0.01 (0.01)	0.89	- 0.01 (0.01)	0.01	- 0.02 (0.01)	<0.01
Age in 2012 (years)	0.13 (0.29)	0.64	0.50 (0.28)	0.08	0.77 (0.35)	0.03
Gender (Girls)	0.13 (0.43)	0.75	- 1.60 (1.01)	0.11
Family income in 2012	0.02 (0.30)	0.93
Variation body mass index (2014-2012)	1.22 (0,06)	<0.01	1.14 (0.07)	<0.01	1.18 (0.08)	<0.01	1.22 (0.11)	<0.01
Variation peak height velocity (2014-2012) (years)	0.37 (0,17)	0.02	0.82 (0.40)	0.04	-3.98 (1.41)	<0.01	0.92 (0.44)	0.03
Birth weight (kg)	0.34 (0.31)	0.28	0.40 (0.26)	0.13	0.91 (0.31)	<0.01
Coefficient of determination	-		0.63		0.72		0.61
Variance Inflation Factor	-		2.72		1.22		1.11
Akaike Information Criterion	-		1069.08		486.04		562.06

	Waist circumference 2014 (cm)
	Unadjusted Model		Adjusted Model		Boys		Girls
	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p	β (Standard error)	^p
Intercept	-	-	43.01 (7.31)	<0.01	32.48 (10.46)	<0.01	46.77 (6.42)	<0.01
Motor competence - Körperkoordination Test fur Kinder 2012 (points)	- 0.09 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.07 (0.01)	<0.01	- 0.08 (0.02)	<0.01	- 0.08 (0.02)	<0.01
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 2012 (min)	- 0.02 (0.02)	0.35	- 0.03 (0.01)	0.11	- 0.05 (0.02)	0.02
Age 2012 (years)	0.96 (0.71)	0.17	-2.49 (0.73)	<0.01	3.31 (1.00)	<0.01	2.04 (1.08)	0.06
Gender (Girls)	1.33 (1.02)	0.19
Family income 2012	1.16 (0.73)	0.11			1.17 (0.89)	0.19
Variation waist circumference (2014-2012)	1.45 (0.08)	<0.01	1.33 (0.10)	<0.01	1.25 (0.13)	<0.01	1.33 (0.15)	<0.01
Variation peak height velocity (2014-2012) (years)	0.80 (0.40)	0.04	0.68 (0.37)	0.06	- 8.81 (3.36)	0.01	2.00 (1.00)	0.04
Birth weight (kg)	1.20 (0.75)	0.10			1.74 (0.87)	0.04
Coefficient of determination	-		0.51		0.57		0.54
Variance Inflation Factor	-		1.12		1.16		1.20
Akaike Information Criterion	-		1543.15		712.62		788.10

Can motor competence be a better predictor of adiposity indicators than physical activity in children? A longitudinal study

A competência motora pode ser um melhor preditor dos indicadores de adiposidade do que a atividade física em crianças? Um estudo longitudinal