Analysis of the Quality of Eggs Marketed in Santarém, Brazil

Cordovil, KPS; Pedroso, ICGB; Guimarães, AKV; Azevedo, MMR; Fernandes, GST; Rodrigues, KF; Gul, K; Malik, S; Taube, PS

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1715

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Original Article • Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 25 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1715 copy

Analysis of the Quality of Eggs Marketed in Santarém, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Eggs are foods with almost perfect proteins, while also containing nutrients with high biological value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological structure, physical-chemical, nutritional, and microbiological parameters of commercial and free-range eggs sold in the municipality of Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. The two types of eggs were also compared to check for any differences in quality. The evaluations were conducted on variables such as Haugh unit, weight loss, egg width and length, specific gravity, yolk and albumen dimensions, pH, among others. A total of 240 eggs were purchased in the Brazilian municipality of Santarém (2º45’06” S and 54º70’09” W). A statistical study was also performed using the BIOESTAT 5.0 statistical program. A comparison of the industrial and free-range eggs and their various parameters is given in the tables along with the coefficient of variation. The results obtained were satisfactory and showed that the quality of eggs is affected more by environmental factors than by the source from which they are obtained. The results were also compared to previously published literature, and it was determined that this study offers a better foundation for the nutritional examination of egg quality.

Keywords:
Storage time; free-range eggs; industrial eggs; health status; physical composition

Microorganism	Free-range eggs				Industrial eggs
Microorganism	F1	F2	F3	F4	S1	S2	S3	S4
E. coli	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Salmonella Shigella	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
MAHB (UFC g^-1)	-	-	-	-	49x10³	235	15,8x10²	-

Eggs	DM (%)	MM (%)	CP (%)	L (%)
Free-range eggs	36.17^a±7.34	5.25^a±0.32	33.06^a±6.32	12.98^a±1.58
Industrial eggs	17.97^b±2.73	5.51^a±0.19	16.89^b±2.61	9.82^b±1.17
CV%	17.75	4.77	17.29	12.05

Eggs	DM (%)	MM (%)	CP (%)	L (%)
Free-range eggs	83.03a±4.07	3.58±a0.05	30.50±a2.44	59.94±a1.39
Industrial eggs	45.84b±2.47	3.39±b0.11	15.03±b2.25	58.55±a3.03
CV%	5.15	2.23	11.50	3.75

Eggs weight	Evaluation days			CV%
Eggs weight	0	7	21
Industrial egg	59.97^a±7.68	59.03_a±6.62	54.90^b±8.33	13.17
Free-range egg	51.11^a±6.25	50.87^a±6.82	48.17^a±5.39	11.06

Parameters	Evaluation days			CV%
Parameters	0	7	21
Albumen height (mm)
Industrial egg	3.84^a±1.27	4.16^a±1.08	4.61^a±1.32	31.10
Free-range egg	4.54^a±0.91	4.25^a±1.35	4.45^a±0.75	24.25
Haugh Unit
Industrial egg	54.54^b±14.16	59.44^b±11.42	66.03^a±10.84	20.65
Free-range egg	68.14^a±6.89	64.37^a±11.34	68.38^a±7.53	14.55
Yolk index
Industrial egg	0.19^a±0.06	0.18^a±0.05	0.21^a±0.05	29.30
Free-range egg	0.24^a±0.05	0.26^a±0.07	0.23^a±0.05	24.73
Specific gravity
Industrial egg	1.007^a±0.005	1.005^a±0.001	1.005^a±0.002	0.28
Free-range egg	1.009^a±0.013	1.006^a±0.008	1.004^b±0.013	3.66
Bark weight
Industrial egg	5.68^a± 0.86	5.86^a±0.65	5.16^b±1.05	14.41
Free-range egg	4.72^a± 0.88	4.51^a±0.72	4.79^a±0.58	15.22
% of bark
Industrial egg	9.48^a±0.89	9.96^a±0.85	9.38^a±1.29	10.07
Free-range egg	9.20^b±1.08	8.89^b±1.00	9.97^a±0.95	11.34
bark thickness
Industrial egg	0.43^a± 0.05	0.43^a±0.05	0.39^b±0.09	14.80
Free-range egg	0.35^a± 0.08	0.31^a±0.06	0.33^a±0.10	23.71

Parameter	Evaluation days
Parameter	0	7	21	CV%
% albumen Industrial eggs	61.22^a±3.36	59.81^a±3.61	56.87^b±5.19	7.2
Free-range eggs	53.36^a±8.87	55.84^ab±4.68	52.17^ac±4.42	11.58
yolk pH Industrial eggs	6.34^b±0.23	6.51^b±0.37	6.62^a±0.32	4.83
Free-range eggs	6.48^a±0.32	6.52^a±0.27	6.40^b±0.23	4.98
Albumen pH Industrial eggs	9.09^a±0.22	9.02^a±0.10	9.07^a±0.09	1.68
Free-range eggs	9.05^a±0.22	9.02^a±0.11	8.86^b±0.24	2.48

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Paulo Sérgio Taube Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, 68040-255, Brazil. Phone: +5593 2101-4947 Email: pstjunior@yahoo.com.br