Effect of Different Vegetable Oil Sources on Performance, Intestinal Histomorphometry, and Physiological Responses of Japanese Quails

Valentim, JK; Almeida, AA; Serpa, FC; Burbarelli, MFC; Felix, GA; Calderano, AA; Braz, PH; Sgavioli, S; Lima, PPABM; Komiyama, CM; Caldara, FR; Garcia, RG

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2025-2187

person JK Valentim

formal analysis · investigation · methodology · project administration · writing - original draft preparation · visualization · data analysis

schoolFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Animal Production, Seropedica, RJ, 23897 000, Brazil.

0000-0001-8547-4149

person AA Almeida

formal analysis · investigation · methodology · project administration · writing - original draft preparation · visualization · data analysis

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0001-7313-4008

person FC Serpa

formal analysis · writing - original draft preparation · visualization · data analysis

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0002-3747-1688

person MFC Burbarelli

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0002-8079-2890

person GA Felix

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolUniversity Center of Grande Dourados, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0002-7739-586X

person AA Calderano

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolFederal University of Viçosa, Department of Animal Science, Viçosa, MG, 36570 900, Brazil.

0000-0002-2282-3580

person PH Braz

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolFederal University of Fronteira do Sul, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Realeza, PR, 89815 899, Brazil.

0000-0002-5519-061X

person S Sgavioli

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 87013 250, Brazil.

0000-0003-1156-2386

person PPABM Lima

conceptualization · visualization · validation · writing - review and editing

schoolFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of public health, Seropedica, RJ, 23897 000, Brazil.

0000-0003-1881-9551

person CM Komiyama

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0001-8732-5745

person FR Caldara

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0002-7564-6127

person RG Garcia

conceptualization · funding acquisition · supervision · visualization · validation · data analysis · writing - review and editing

schoolFederal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, 79823 501, Brazil.

0000-0002-4978-9386

emailCorresponding author e-mail address Jean Kaique Valentim Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Animal Production, Seropedica, RJ, 23.897-000, Brazil. Phone: +55 33 9808 7636 Email:
kaique.tim@hotmail.com

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Section Editor:

Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos

Ingredient (%)	Lipid source
Ingredient (%)	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
Ground corn	49.229	49.246	49.070	49.070	49.235
Soybean bran	43.351	43.351	43.351	43.351	43.351
Corn starch	0.000	0.000	0.900	0.000	0.000
Inert	2.000	1.99	1.260	2.160	1.990
Lipid source	2.500	2.500	2.500	2.500	2.500
Limestone	1.226	1.214	1.226	1.226	1.226
Dicalcium phosphate	0.893	0.893	0.893	0.893	0.893
Salt	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320	0.320
DL-methionine	0.165	0.165	0.165	0.165	0.165
L-lysine	0.116	0.116	0.116	0.116	0.116
Mineral premix*	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Vitamin premix*	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Calculated nutritional composition
Metabolizable Energy (Kcal/kg)	2,900.00	2,900.00	2,900.00	2,900.00	2,900.00
Crude protein (%)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Digestible lysine (%)	1.340	1.340	1.340	1.340	1.340
Methionine + Cystine (%)	0.894	0.894	0.894	0.894	0.894
Total methionine (%)	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
Calcium (%)	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800	0.800
Available phosphorus (%)	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Total phosphorus (%)	0.526	0.526	0.526	0.526	0.526
Sodium (%)	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150

Composition	Lipid source
Composition	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
Total fats (g)	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00
Saturated Fats (g)	1.90	1.80	3.40	1.40	1.00
Trans Fats (g)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Monounsaturated Fats (g)	2.80	4.40	2.160	4.00	7.50
Polyunsaturated fats (g)	7.30	5.80	6.44	6.60	3.50
Omega-9 (Oleic acid) (g)	0.00	0.00	2.40	0.00	7.50
Omega-3 (Linolenic Acid) (g)	0.70	0.01	0.40	0.05	0.80
Omega-6 (Linoleic acid) (g)	6. 40	5.70	5.52	6.60	0.10
Vitamin E (mg)	0.80	4.30	6.00	7.80	2.8 0

Variable	Lipid source					SEM	p-value
Variable	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
WG (g/bird)	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	0.79	0.015
FI (g/bird)	1.90	1.80	3.40	1.40	1.00	0.16	0.326
FCR (g/g)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.09	0.004
Viability (%)	2.80	4.40	2.160	4.00	7.50	0.32	0.544

Variable (°C)	Lipid source					SEM	p-value
Variable (°C)	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
Head	26.73	26.10	26.71	26.69	26.61	0.27	0.919
Shin	22.62	22.70	22.18	21.60	22.04	0.39	0.823
Dorsal region	27.09	27.15	27.21	27.15	27.31	0.22	0.996
Wing	27.90	27.15	27.93	27.81	28.09	0.33	0.831
Breast	27.94	27.80	28.65	27.657	28.20	0.33	0.752
Cloaca	39.19	39.14	39.23	39.40	39.73	0.21	0.781
ASK	28.02	28.01	28.21	28.25	28.22	0.22	0.980
ABT	35.84	35.81	35.93	36.26	35.89	0.21	0.885

Variable	Lipid source					SEM	p-value
Variable	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
L*	47.87	47.52	48.14	47.80	46.72	0.39	0.833
A*	8.92	8.94	8.50	8.72	9.19	0.25	0.934
B*	3.01	2.69	3.13	2.03	2.71	0.22	0.281
pH 24 h	5.63	5.68	5.66	5.75	5.74	0.02	0.065

Variable	Lipid source					SEM	p-value
Variable	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
AST (UI/L)	280.51	366.36	262.070	336.10	328.13	34.04	0.201
ALT (UI/L)	2.21	2.35	2.14	2.47	2.30	0.30	0.125
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	117.30	105.70	114.10	115.80	119.90	11.80	0.932
Glucose (mg/dL)	284.20	282.40	285.30	324.60	287.40	25.32	0.737
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	334.40	368.50	369.70	405.20	421.40	55.42	0.822

Variable	Lipid source					SEM	p-value
Variable	Soybean	Corn	Cottonseed	Sunflower	Canola
Jejunum
Villus width (µm)	158.29	154.71	158.28	161.38	163.95	3.92	0.971
Crypt Depth (µm)	162.68b	164.64ab	183.27ab	153.23b	204.03a	3.35	0.009
Crypt diameter (µm)	61.14	60.95	64.15	62.07	64.19	0.98	0.745
Ileum
Villus height (µm)	415.54b	582.22a	618.08a	473.46b	610.00a	2.71	<0.001
Villus width (µm)	83.79b	89.92b	89.40b	90.28b	101.82a	1.02	<0.001
Crypt Depth (µm)	86.83b	110.01a	105.90a	88.379b	104.43a	0.84	<0.001
Crypt diameter (µm)	50.65ab	52.97a	52.67a	48.31b	48.66b	0.34	<0.001
Muscle layer thickness (µm)	22.51d	29.05ab	26.45c	26.95bc	29.41a	0.28	<0.001
Villus: Crypt (µm)	4.88b	5.40ab	6.01a	5.35ab	5.72ab	0.10	0.007

[TFN1] ¹
Vitamin supplement/kg of diet: Folic acid (Min) 145.4 mg; pantothenic acid (Min) 5,931.6 mg; choline (Min) 121.8 g; niacin (Min) 12.9 g; selenium (Min) 480.0 mg; vitamin A (Min) 5,000,000.0 IU; vitamin B12 (Min) 6,500.0 mcg; vitamin B2 (Min) 2,000.0 mg; vitamin B6 (Min) 250.0 mg; vitamin D3 (Min) 1,850,000.0 IU; vitamin E (Min) 4,500.0 IU; and vitamin K3 (Min) 918.0 mg. ²Mineral supplement/ kg of diet: copper (Min) 7,000.0 mg; iron (Min) 50.0 g; iodine (Min) 1,500.0 mg; manganese (Min) 67.5 g; zinc (Min) 45.6 g. *Values expressed per kg of product.