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How did galaxies form?

We present here a pedagogical discussion of the process of structure formation (galaxies and beyond) in the Universe, with a minimal formalism and emphasis on the physical ideas that put the gravitational instability as the main agent. The key role of dark matter for the structure formation is stressed and exemplified. Finally, we briefly discuss some recent observations which defy the accepted scenario, and show clearly the scientific character of contemporary Cosmology.

Keywords:
Structure formation; galaxies; gravitational instability


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E-mail: marcio@sbfisica.org.br