Alcohol consumption among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, ConVid Adolescents – Behavior Research

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Gomes, Crizian Saar; Vasconcelos, Nádia Machado de; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; Lima, Margareth Guimarães; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann

doi:10.1590/1980-549720230007.supl.1

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Original Article • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 26 (Suppl 1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230007.supl.1 copy

Alcohol consumption among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, ConVid Adolescents – Behavior Research

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the factors associated with this behavior during the period of social distancing among Brazilian adolescents.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study using data from the ConVid Adolescents survey, carried out via the Internet between June and September 2020. The prevalence of alcohol consumption before and during the pandemic, as well as association with sociodemographic variables, mental health, and lifestyle were estimated. A logistic regression model was used to assess associated factors.

Results:

9,470 adolescents were evaluated. Alcohol consumption decreased from 17.70% (95%CI 16.64–18.85) before the pandemic to 12.80% (95%CI 11.85–13.76) during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with the age group of 16 and 17 years (OR=2.9; 95%CI 1.08–1.53), place of residence in the South (OR=1.82; 95%CI 1.46–2.27) and Southeast regions (OR=1.33; 95%CI 1.05–1.69), having three or more close friends (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.25–2.53), reporting worsening sleep problems during the pandemic (OR=1.59; 95%CI 1.20–2.11), feeling sad sometimes (OR=1,83; 95%CI 1,40–2,38) and always (OR=2.27; 95%CI 1.70–3.05), feeling always irritated (OR=1,60; 95%CI 1,14–2,25), being a smoker (OR=13,74; 95%CI 8.63–21.87) and a passive smoker (OR=1.76; 95%CI 1.42–2.19). Strict adherence to social distancing was associated with lower alcohol consumption (OR=0.40; 95%CI 0.32–0.49).

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in consumption of alcoholic beverages by Brazilian adolescents, which was influenced by sociodemographic and mental health factors, adherence to social restriction measures and lifestyle in this period. Managers, educators, family and the society must be involved in the articulation of Public Policies to prevent alcohol consumption.

Keywords:
Underage drinking; Adolescent; COVID-19; Health surveys; Brazil

		Weighted frequency (%)	95%CI
Sex
	Male	49.8	48.1–51.4
	Female	50.2	48.6–51.9
Age range (years)
	12–15	67.7	66.3–69.1
	16-17	32.3	30.9–33.7
Skin color
	White	40.1	38.5–41.7
	black	9.7	8.8–10.7
	brown	46.6	44.9–48.3
	others	3.6	3.0–4.4
School network
	Private	14.1	13.3–14.9
	Public	85.9	85.1–86.7
Maternal education
	elementary school or less	32.6	30.9–34.2
	High school	33.8	32.1–35.5
	Higher education	33.6	32.1–35.2

Variables		% (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR^* * multivariate model. (95%CI)
Sex
	Male	11.37 (9.98–12.92)	—
	Female	14.15 (12.99–15.40)	1.29 (1.08–1.53)
Age range (years)
	12–15	8.55 (7.52–9.71)	—	—
	16-17	21.61 (19.9–23.43)	2.95 (2.48–3.51)	2.90 (2.39–3.51)
Skin color
	White	13.53 (12.19–14.99)	—
	black	16.89 (13.70–20.65)	1.30 (0.99–1.71)
	brown	11.12 (9.76–12.64)	0.80 (0.66–0.96)
	others	15.12 (10.49–21.32)	1.14 (0.74–1.76)
School network
	Private	13.27 (12.23–14.40)	—
	Public	9.73 (8.34–11.32)	0.70 (0.58–0.85)
Maternal education
	elementary school or less	15.55 (13.63–17.69)	—
	High school	11.34 (9.93–12.92)	0.69 (0.56–0.86)
	Higher education	11.72 (10.17–13.47)	0.72 (0.58–0.90)
Region
	North	9.99 (8.53–11.67)	—	—
	Northeast	7.84 (5.90–10.33)	0.77 (0.54–1.09)
	Southeast	15.08 (13.63–16.66)	1.60 (1.30–1.98)	1.33 (1.05–1.69)
	South	17.66 (16.35–19.05)	1.93 (1.59–2.35)	1.82 (1.46–2.27)
	Midwest	13.26 (10.73–16.28)	1.38 (1.02–1.85)
Social distancing
	not strict	19.64 (17.48–22.00)	—	—
	very strict	10.05 (9.12–11.07)	0.46 (0.38–0.55)	0.40 (0.32–0.49)
Close friends
	None	10.01 (7.74–12.86)	—	—
	1	11.82 (9.43–14.72)	1.20 (0.82–1.76)
	2	12.24 (10.45–14.29)	1.25 (0.90–1.75)
	3 or more	13.64 (12.36–15.04)	1.42 (1.05–1.93)	1.78 (1.25–2.53)
Sleep quality during the pandemic
	not affected	9.58 (8.50–10.78)	—	—
	started having problems	13.96 (11.84–16.38)	1.53 (1.22–1.93)
	problems maintained	16.06 (13.10–19.54)	1.81 (1.38–2.37)
	problems got worse	22.75 (19.81–25.99)	2.78 (2.23–3.46)	1.59 (1.20–2.11)
	Problems reduced	10.88 (7.03–16.45)	1.15 (0.70–1.89)
Feeling sad
	Never/rarely	6.65 (5.54–7.96)	—	—
	Sometimes	13.47 (1.78–15.36)	2.19 (1.71–2.80)	1.83 (1.40–2.38)
	Most of the time/always	18.34 (16.58–20.23)	3.15 (2.51–3.97)	2.27 (1.70–3.05)
Feeling irritated
	Never/rarely	6.97 (5.50–8.80)	—	—
	Sometimes	10.47 (8.99–12.17)	1.56 (1.15–2.12)
	Most of the time/always	16.66 (15.21–18.21)	2.67 (2.03–3.51)	1.60 (1.14–2.25)
Feeling isolated
	Never/rarely	8.15 (6.89–9.61)	—
	Sometimes	14.35 (12.68–16.20)	1.89 (1.50–2.38)
	Most of the time/always	16.93 (15.17–18.85)	2.30 (1.84–2.88)
Smoking during the pandemic
	No	11.36 (10.48–12.31)	—	—
	Yes	70.15 (61.6–77.48)	18.33 (12.40–27.14)	13.74 (8.63–21.87)
Passive smoker
	No	10.66 (9.74–11.66)	—	—
	Yes	27.23 (21.24–24.15)	2.26 (1.86–2.74)	1.76 (1.42–2.19)
Sedentary behavior
	Maintained	11.88 (10.78–13.06)	—
	Increased	15.15 (13.38–17.11)	1.33 (1.11–1.59)
	Reduced	12.12 (7.54–18.91)	1.02 (0.60–1.75)
practice of physical activity
	Maintained	12.31 (11.23–13.48)	—
	Increased	14.47 (12.46–16.74)	1.20 (0.98–1.47)
	Reduced	12.99 (10.02–16.66)	1.06 (0.78–1.45)

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[1] Corresponding author: Deborah Carvalho Malta. Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil. Email: dcmalta@uol.com.br