Time trends and COVID-19 post-pandemic changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior prevalence among Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2021

Faria, Thania Mara Teixeira Rezende; Silva, Alanna Gomes da; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1980-549720230011.supl.1

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 26 (Suppl 1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230011.supl.1 copy

Time trends and COVID-19 post-pandemic changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior prevalence among Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2021

Tendências temporais e mudanças pós-pandemia de COVID-19 na prevalência de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em adultos brasileiros entre 2006 e 2021

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze time trends and prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behavior among adults of Brazilian capitals between 2006 and 2021, including the pandemic period.

Methods:

This is a time-series of cross-sectional surveys based on the National Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey. Trends of sufficient leisure-time physical activity, sufficient physical activity while commuting, insufficient practice of physical activity, and total screen time were estimated by using Prais-Winsten regression. Annual prevalences and time trends were estimated for each indicator by sex, age group and education.

Results:

For total population, significant time trends were found for leisure-time physical activity (β=0.614) and total screen time (β=1.319). As for prevalence, leisure-time physical activity increased from 29% in 2009 to 39% in 2019, followed by a reduction of 2.3% between 2020 and 2021. Total screen time prevalence increased considerably between 2019 and 2020 (4.7%). Though physical inactivity tended to reduce along the series, its prevalence increased by 3.4% between 2019 and 2021, as well as physical activity while commuting decreased by 3,7% in the same time period.

Conclusion:

Whereas leisure-time physical activity increased over the years, it is uncertain whether this trend will be the same in the years following COVID-19. Not only did people alter their leisure-time habits, but also there was an increasing dominance of screen time due to the change in work and social patterns. More strategies need to be addressed to tackle physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, and to review the post-pandemic national targets.

Keywords:
Physical activity; Sedentary lifestyle; Noncommunicable diseases; Time series; COVID-19

		2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	β^* * The accuracy of the model was evaluated through its R2 value.	p-value
	Total	29.9	30.1	31.6	33.5	33.8	35.3	37.6	37.6	37.0	38.1	39.0	36.8	36.7	0.614	0.010
Sex	Male	39.0	39.1	40.4	41.5	41.2	41.6	45.6	46.6	43.4	45.4	46.7	44.2	43.1	0.488	0.018
Sex	Female	22.1	22.4	24.0	26.5	27.4	30.0	30.8	29.9	31.5	31.8	32.4	30.5	31.3	0.790	0.003
Age group	18–24	42.7	43.6	44.4	47.6	49.7	50.0	51.4	52.2	49.1	50.6	49.4	47.1	50.6	0.592	0.049
	25–34	33.9	34.3	35.9	39.1	39.3	41.5	45.2	46.0	44.2	45.5	48.5	41.5	42.6	0.857	0.024
	35–44	25.3	26.0	27.5	31.0	29.6	31.2	36.4	35.7	33.8	36.0	36.8	38.0	34.0	0.951	<0.001
	45–54	24.2	24.3	26.5	25.8	27.3	30.1	30.5	30.4	33.7	32.6	34.6	33.0	34.6	0.951	<0.001
	55–64	24.2	24.4	25.5	25.2	26.6	28.4	29.1	29.7	30.0	32.4	31.5	32.1	31.6	0.733	<0.001
	≥65	22.6	20.7	22.5	23.6	22.3	22.8	23.5	22.3	23.3	24.4	24.4	23.9	21.8	0.137	0.061
Education	0–8	19.5	19.6	21.2	21.6	22.0	22.9	25.4	24.5	23.3	24.6	25.8	23.6	22.6	0.336	0.056
	9–11	34.8	34.6	35.3	37.1	37.2	38.5	40.1	40.4	39.7	40.4	39.5	38.0	37.3	0.236	0.292
	≥12	41.6	41.3	42.5	45.4	45.4	47.8	49.6	47.9	47.0	48.1	50.0	46.2	47.3	0.522	0.029
Region	North	31.6	29.9	32.8	37.2	35.1	37.0	41.3	39.0	40.7	42.4	40.7	35.3	39.3	0.712	0.026
	Northeast	29.4	28.9	31.1	33.4	34.5	35.0	36.1	38.1	37.3	41.2	40.4	41.6	39.8	1.085	<0.001
	Central-West	35.5	36.8	34.8	37.4	39.7	38.2	46.8	43.1	45.0	43.4	43.5	43.4	39.3	0.627	0.040
	Southeast	28.0	28.5	30.0	31.1	30.8	34.0	35.2	35.6	33.4	33.6	36.4	32.0	33.5	0.486	0.024
	South	32.6	33.8	35.4	36.8	38.3	37.7	38.3	37.3	39.4	39.8	40.3	40.9	37.7	0.510	0.003

		2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	β^* * The accuracy of the model was evaluated through its R2 value.	p-value
	Total	10.9	10.7	11.3	17.0	17.9	14.8	14.2	12.1	12.3	11.9	14.4	13.4	14.4	14.1	13.3	10.4	-0.018	0.924
Sex	Male	13.5	12.7	13.5	17.6	17.9	15.1	13.8	12.2	13.0	12.4	15.4	14.2	15.0	14.5	13.8	10.8	-0.119	0.425
Sex	Female	8.7	9.1	9.4	16.5	17.9	14.6	14.5	11.9	11.6	11.6	13.5	12.8	13.8	13.8	12.9	10.0	0.073	0.746
Age group	18–24	11.4	11.3	12.5	19.8	21.0	18.1	16.5	13.8	14.9	11.9	17.6	14.2	16.0	16.7	16.5	13.1	0.073	0.750
	25–34	12.4	12.3	11.8	19.6	20.8	17.2	16.5	12.6	13.7	13.6	14.8	15.1	15.5	14.4	15.2	10.5	-0.095	0.670
	35–44	12.9	13.1	13.9	19.5	21.2	17.1	15.6	15.0	14.3	14.9	17.1	15.9	17.9	16.6	15.5	11.7	-0.034	0.873
	45–54	12.3	11.7	12.5	17.8	19.0	14.6	15.0	13.5	12.7	13.2	15.2	14.9	14.8	17.2	14.8	12.4	0.040	0.804
	55–64	7.1	7.5	9.5	12.0	11.6	10.8	11.3	9.4	9.6	9.2	12.7	11.2	13.0	11.4	9.7	8.9	0.125	0.350
	≥65	3.3	2.3	2.6	4.5	3.9	4.3	4.2	3.0	3.6	4.0	5.0	4.7	5.1	4.8	3.6	3.4	0.068	0.246
Education	0–8	13.4	12.4	12.7	18.5	18.6	15.3	14.5	12.0	12.7	12.3	14.5	14.6	14.9	14.3	12.7	9.2	-0.198	0.302
	9–11	10.3	10.8	11.8	17.7	19.1	15.5	15.2	13.0	13.4	13.0	15.6	14.5	16.0	15.7	14.6	13.1	0.143	0.468
	≥12	6.4	6.8	7.9	13.1	15.0	13.0	12.1	10.8	10.0	10.0	12.9	11.0	11.9	12.2	12.4	8.0	0.128	0.549
Region	North	13.7	13.8	13.6	19.1	18.8	16.2	13.4	11.8	12.1	11.2	13.2	12.4	12.4	12.8	12.7	11.1	-0.245	0.159
	Northeast	11.6	10.9	11.2	16.6	16.4	13.6	13.5	11.2	11.4	10.0	12.9	11.8	12.9	12.4	13.0	9.9	-0.099	0.488
	Central-West	9.8	10.1	9.6	13.6	13.6	11.6	12.3	9.6	8.9	7.0	10.3	11.7	10.5	10.4	8.5	7.7	-0.153	0.272
	Southeast	10.0	10.4	11.5	17.7	20.0	15.7	15.4	13.4	13.7	14.3	16.7	15.4	16.8	16.4	14.7	11.5	0.121	0.611
	South	10.9	10.1	10.1	16.4	15.5	16.4	13.0	11.0	12.1	12.5	13.8	11.5	13.8	14.3	14.4	9.0	-0.007	0.966

		2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	β^* * The accuracy of the model was evaluated through its R2 value.	p-value
	Total	48.7	47.5	45.1	46.0	44.1	44.8	47.2	48.2	-0.086	0.818
Sex	Male	40.1	37.2	34.1	37.6	35.1	36.1	37.3	39.3	-0.019	0.957
Sex	Female	56.0	56.3	54.5	53.1	51.7	52.2	55.6	55.7	-0.093	0.819
Age group	18–24	37.0	37.5	34.3	37.5	35.7	36.5	38.4	35.6	0.060	0.656
	25–34	41.3	38.9	36.7	36.7	35.6	36.8	40.8	42.6	0.189	0.760
	35–44	47.2	44.3	42.3	44.6	40.8	42.2	44.3	45.0	-0.233	0.512
	45–54	51.2	50.0	46.9	46.2	45.2	44.2	44.3	46.3	-0.776	0.057
	55–64	57.3	58.0	53.9	54.1	51.2	52.3	55.7	56.6	-0.210	0.683
	≥65	72.5	71.7	71.2	70.6	69.2	69.1	70.4	73.0	0.004	0.990
Education	0–8	56.9	56.0	53.7	54.9	53.4	53.7	57.5	58.4	0.206	0.618
	9–11	44.9	44.5	41.6	42.9	39.8	43.4	44.1	45.2	0.035	0.921
	≥12	42.9	41.0	40.2	40.8	40.3	38.6	42.3	43.5	0.065	0.837
Region	North	48.4	46.5	44.9	45.6	44.1	45.2	48.6	46.8	-0.059	0.854
	Northeast	50.1	51.0	46.0	48.2	44.1	45.8	44.3	47.2	-0.804	0.007
	Central-West	46.1	41.8	41.2	40.6	40.9	42.5	44.2	45.2	-0.006	0.990
	Southeast	46.1	41.8	41.2	40.6	40.9	42.5	44.2	45.2	-0.006	0.990
	South	46.7	46.5	46.6	44.5	42.2	42.8	43.0	48.0	-0.089	0.852

		2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	β^* * The accuracy of the model was evaluated through its R2 value.	p-value
	Total	61.7	61.0	63.3	62.7	67.4	66.0	1.319	0.001
Sex	Male	62.9	62.1	65.0	63.9	67.3	66.7	1.099	<0.001
Sex	Female	60.6	60.1	61.9	61.7	67.5	65.4	1.499	0.004
Age group	18–24	82.1	79.9	81.3	79.2	83.3	83.2	0.445	0.238
	25–34	73.9	71.7	74.3	73.3	78.1	73.9	0.903	0.010
	35–44	59.2	60.7	62.8	62.4	66.1	64.6	1.353	<0.001
	45–54	51.1	50.8	55.5	53.9	60.3	60.2	2.224	<0.001
	55–64	48.2	48.8	50.5	52.1	58.6	57.0	2.312	0.002
	≥65	42.3	42.5	43.8	45.7	49.3	51.0	1.848	0.003
Education	0–8	45.1	44.3	48.3	46.3	52.7	49.2	1.577	<0.001
	9–11	69.3	67.4	69.6	68.5	72.7	71.3	0.880	0.011
	≥12	70.1	69.6	70.1	70.2	73.3	73.0	0.754	0.024
Region	North	62.8	62.3	64.4	63.2	67.4	66.2	1.025	0.001
	Northeast	60.7	61.1	62.1	61.6	65.2	64.5	0.945	0.003
	Central-West	58.7	58.3	61.1	60.4	66.2	64.8	1.718	0.001
	Southeast	62.9	61.2	64.6	64.0	69.1	66.8	1.520	<0.001
	South	61.0	61.5	61.7	61.2	66.5	67.5	1.339	0.031

Year	LTPA		PA while commuting		Insufficient PA practice		Total screen time
Year	Prevalence (%)	Annual difference	Prevalence (%)	Annual difference	Prevalence (%)	Annual difference	Prevalence (%)	Annual difference
2006	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	10.9	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2007	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	10.7	-0.2	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2008	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	11.3	0.6	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2009	29.9	^* * data were not available during this period.	17.0	5.7	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2010	30.1	0.2	17.9	0.9	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2011	31.6	1.5	14.8	-3.1	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2012	33.5	1.9	14.2	-0.6	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2013	33.8	0.3	12.1	-2.1	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2014	35.3	1.5	12.3	0.2	48.7	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2015	37.6	2.3	11.9	-0.4	47.5	-1.2	^* * data were not available during this period.	^* * data were not available during this period.
2016	37.6	0.0	14.4	2.5	45.1	-2.4	61.7	^* * data were not available during this period.
2017	37.0	-0.6	13.4	-1.0	46.0	0.9	61.0	-0.7
2018	38.1	1.1	14.4	1.0	44.1	-1.9	63.3	2.3
2019	39.0	0.9	14.1	-0.3	44.8	0.7	62.7	-0.6
2020	36.8	-2.2	13.3	-0.8	47.2	2.4	67.4	4.7
2021	36.7	-0.1	10.4	-2.9	48.2	1.0	66.0	-1.4

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Thania Mara Teixeira Rezende Faria. Rua Zilah Correa de Araújo, 345, Apto 302, Bloco 02, Ouro Preto, CEP: 31.310-450, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. E-mail: thania_faria@hotmail.com