Factors associated with the feeding practices of the adult
               population of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Alexandre, Veruska Prado; Peixoto, Maria do Rosário Gondim; Schmitz, Bethsáida de Abreu Soares; Moura, Erly Catarina de

doi:10.1590/1415-790X201400010021ENG

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 17 (01) • Mar 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-790X201400010021ENG copy

Factors associated with the feeding practices of the adult population of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This cross-sectional study identified the factors associated with adult feeding practices in Goiânia, the capital of the state of Goiás, in the Midwestern region of Brazil, by means of telephone interviews with 2,002 adults (> 18 years old). Information about demographic aspects, lifestyle, nutritional status, and food consumption was collected, leading to a sum of healthy food choices. It was observed that men and women have an average of two healthy food choices and low frequency of fruit intake (5.4% of men; 8.5% of women), as well as the consumption of legumes and vegetables (18.1% of men; 22.6% of women). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the mean healthy food choice among men increases with age and physical practice, and among women, with paid work. The prevalence of unhealthy food choices associated with other risk behaviors favors the development of chronic diseases. Multi-strategy and intersectorial actions are necessary to overcome this situation.

Nutritional epidemiology; Feeding behavior; Adult; Food consumption; Life style; Food

Variables	Men (n = 763)95%CI	Women (n = 1,239)95%CI	p-value*
Regular practice of physical activity^&	58.0 (53.3 – 62.6)	44.5 (40.6 – 48.5)	< 0.001
Habit of smoking (smoking)	20.9 (17.1 – 25.4)	9.3 (7.4 – 11.7)	< 0.001
Risk level of alcohol intake^§	32.0 (27.9 – 36.5)	8.6 (6.7 – 11.1)	< 0.001
Diet for weight loss	7.4 (5.5 – 9.8)	17.8 (14.8 – 21.2)	< 0.001
Regular intake of fruits^†	5.4 (3.5 – 8.0)	8.5 (6.7 – 10.9)	0.053
Regular intake of legumes and vegetables^†	18.1 (15.0 – 21.7)	22.6 (19.6 – 25.8)	0.057
Regular intake of beans^‡	88.1 (84.3 – 91.1)	80.5 (77.3 – 83.3)	0.002
Intake of whole milk	58.1 (53.5 – 62.6)	60.0 (56.1 – 63.8)	0.53
Intake of apparent fat	66.5 (61.7 – 71.0)	43.0 (39.1 – 46.9)	< 0.001
Intake of soft drink with sugar	72.4 (68.0 – 76.4)	62.8 (58.9 – 66.6)	0.001

Variáveis	Men				Women
	n	Sum (mean)	Simple linear regression		n	Sum (mean)	Simple linear regression
	n	Sum (mean)	ß	95%CI	n	Sum (mean)	ß	95%CI
Age group (years)18 – 2425 – 3435 – 4445 – 5455 – 6465 e +p-value*	1521481491207858	1.92.12.12.32.32.5< 0.001	–0.170.180.350.400.55	–(-0.10 – 0.44)(-0.10 – 0.45)(0.07 – 0.64)(0.03 – 0.77)(0.20 – 0.91)	171262250214112127	2.32.42.52.52.62.8< 0,001	–0.070.180.220.280.50	–(-0.18 – 0.33)(-0.05 – 0.42)(-0.04 – 0.49)(-0.00 – 0.55)(-0.23 – 0.78)
Schooling (years)0 – 45 – 89 – 1112 e +p-value**	120143279163	2.22.12.12.20.45	–-0.06-0.130.03	–(-0.33 – 0.21)(-0.37 – 0.12)(-0.26 – 0.33)	226203446261	2.52.42.32.60.043	–0.110.190.06	–(-0.38 – 0.15)(-0.41 – 0.04)(-0.20 – 0.32)
Skin colorWhiteNon-whitep-value***	278427	2.12.20.123	–0.12	–(-0.06 – 0.30)	538598	2.42.50.633	–0.03	–(-0.13 – 0.20)
Marital statusWithout a partnerWith a partner	288417	2.12.20.061	–0.14	–(-0.04 – 0.32)	599537	2.52.40.138	–-0.10	–(-0.26 – 0.06)
WorkNoYesp-value***	157548	2.32.10.058	–0.17	–(-0.06 – 0.40)	620516	2.32.6< 0.001	–0.33	–(0.17 – 0.50)
Physical activityNoYesp-value***	296409	2.02.20.013	–0.18	–(-0.00 – 0.36)	617519	2.32.6< 0.001	–0.28	–(0.12 – 0.44)
SmokingNoYesp-value***	592113	2.22.00.104	–-0.15	–(-0.39 – 0.09)	1.026110	2.52.30.123	–-0.17	–(-0.38 – 0.03)
AlcoholNoYesp-value***	487218	2.22.00.002	–-0.24	–(-0.42 – -0.06)	1.04888	2.52.20.022	–-0.27	–(-0.56 – 0.02)
Diet NoYesp-value***	60753	2.12.10.706	–-0.06	–(-0.37 – 0.25)	798152	2.42.50.577	–0.05	–(-0.20 – 0.30)
Body Mass IndexLow weightEutrophicPre-obesityObesityp-value**	2635323968	2.12.12.12.20.972	–0.040.040.09	–(-0.33 – 0.41)(-0.33 – 0.42)(-0.34 – 0.52)	6165121486	2.82.52.42.50.083	–-0.33-0.39-0.25	–(-0.65 – -0.02)(-0.75 – -0.03)(-0.69 – 0.19)

Variables	ß	95%CI	p-value
Age group18 – 2425 – 3435 – 4445 – 5455 – 6465 e +	–0.180.170.340.370.47	–-0.09 – 0.44-0.12 – 0.450.05 – 0.63-0.01 – 0.750.06 – 0.89	–0.200.250.020.060.02
Physical activity^#NoYes	–0.21	–0.02 – 0.39	–0.03

Variables	ß	95%CI	p-value
Age group^#18 – 2425 – 3435 – 4445 – 5455 – 6465 e +	–0.110.240.220.220.38	–-0.14 – 0.360.01 – 0.47-0.04 – 0.48-0.07 – 0.520.06 – 0.70	–0.390.040.090.140.02
Paid workNoYes	–0.33	–0.16 – 0.50	–< 0.001
Physical activity^&NoYes	–0.32	–0.16 – 0.48	–< 0.001
AlcoholNoYes	–-0.31	–-0.53 – -0.11	–0.003
Body Mass Index^§Low weightEutrophicPre-obesityObesity	–-0.40-0.59-0.43	–-0.71 – 0.10-0.96 – -0.22-0.86 – -0.01	–0.010.0020.046

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Rua 227, Quadra 68, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário CEP: 74605-080, Goiânia, GO, Brasil E-mail: mrg.peixoto@uol.com.br