Trends in sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with sedentary behavior among Brazilian adults

Trindade, Lucas Akio Iza; Sarti, Flavia Mori

doi:10.1590/1980-549720210014.supl.1

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 24 (suppl 1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210014.supl.1 copy

Trends in sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with sedentary behavior among Brazilian adults

Tendências em fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida associados ao comportamento sedentário em adultos brasileiros

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

To analyze sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with screen-based sedentary behavior (watching television ≥ 3 hours/day) among adult individuals in Brazil.

Methods:

Quantitative analysis of ten editions of the cross-sectional health survey VIGITEL, representative at the population level. Individuals from states’ capitals living in households with land-line telephone were randomly selected and interviewed with a structured questionnaire, through the telephone. A multivariate logistic regression model was estimated for identification of factors associated with screen-based sedentary behavior.

Results:

There was stability in trends referring to prevalence of sedentary behavior from 2008 to 2017. Prevalence of sedentary behavior was higher between individuals with unhealthier lifestyles: consumption of < two in natura food items (vegetables, fruits, and beans) per day (26.73% [95%CI 25.2 – 28.31]) in comparison with ≥ two items per day (23.79% [95%CI 21.92 – 25.77]); consumption of soft drinks ≥ five days per week (31.24% [95%CI 29.58 – 32.95]) than < five days per week (23.82% [95%CI 22.2 – 25.52]); and practice of < 150 minutes of physical activity per week (28.2% [95%CI 26.17 – 30.33]) than ≥ 150 minutes per week (22.54% [95%CI 21.27 – 23.86]). Regular consumption of in natura food items (OR = 0.984), practice of physical activity (OR = 0.798), and living in richer municipality (OR = 0.826) represented protective factors in relation to screen-based sedentary behavior, whilst regular consumption of soft drinks (OR = 1.440), smoking (OR = 1.375) and alcohol abuse (OR = 1.334) represented risk factors.

Conclusion:

The adoption of screen-based sedentary behavior among adult individuals in Brazil presented significant association with modifiable behavioral factors in the period 2008–2017.

Keywords:
Sedentary behavior; Screen time; Lifestyle; Cross-sectional studies; Risk factors; Protective factors

Characteristics		Estimated prevalence, weighted										p-value
		2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
		(n = 54,353)	(n = 54,367)	(n = 54,339)	(n = 54,144)	(n = 45,448)	(n = 52,929)	(n = 40,853)	(n = 54,174)	(n = 53,210)	(n = 53,034)
Sociodemographic characteristics
	Age (years)											< 0.001
	18–39	52.85	52.04	51.87	51.29	50.82	50.26	49.76	49.43	49.16	48.73
	40–59	32.68	33.19	32.92	33.31	33.58	33.63	33.97	33.69	33.76	33.70
	≥ 60	14.47	14.77	15.21	15.40	15.60	16.11	16.27	16.88	17.08	17.57
Biological sex												0.199
	Female	53.88	53.89	53.90	53.91	53.92	53.93	53.94	53.95	53.97	53.98
	Male	46.12	46.11	46.10	46.09	46.08	46.07	46.06	46.05	46.03	46.02
Ethnicity/skin color												< 0.001
	White	39.03	39.24	39.97	43.50	40.57	41.47	39.75	40.80	43.60	42.04
	Black to brown/indigenous	60.97	60.76	60.03	56.50	59.43	58.53	60.25	59.20	56.40	57.96
Marital status												< 0.001
	Married/stable union	50.19	51.29	51.61	49.31	50.96	48.84	50.31	47.66	47.79	46.33
	Single/divorced/widowed	49.81	48.71	48.39	50.69	49.04	51.16	49.69	52.34	52.21	53.67
Educational level (years)												< 0.001
	0–8	43.63	41.97	40.57	38.07	36.77	36.51	35.94	34.58	32.49	30.80
	9–11	34.72	35.85	35.88	36.08	38.54	37.58	38.12	38.11	35.87	37.28
	≥ 12	21.65	22.18	23.54	24.50	24.69	25.91	25.95	27.30	31.64	31.92
Occupation												0.014
	Working	65.36	64.22	65.29	65.73	65.92	64.50	64.05	62.56	64.59	64.14
	Not working	34.64	35.78	34.71	34.27	34.08	35.50	35.95	37.44	35.41	35.86
Health characteristics
	Overweight	44.88	45.98	48.19	48.82	51.01	50.77	52.52	53.92	53.82	54.00	< 0.001
	Obesity	13.66	14.34	15.07	16.04	17.39	17.53	17.92	18.95	18.93	18.92	< 0.001
	Diabetes diagnosis	6.22	6.34	6.78	6.29	7.37	6.87	8.04	7.40	8.94	7.63	< 0.001
	Hypertension diagnosis	25.32	25.50	24.26	24.32	24.32	24.09	24.83	24.85	25.71	24.27	0.093
	Poor health status	4.58	4.65	4.47	4.54	5.04	4.88	4.44	4.79	4.40	4.10	0.083
Health behaviors
Screen-based sedentary behavior												< 0.001
	≥ three hours a day in the week	24.60	24.04	27.25	25.93	26.41	28.58	25.31	22.53	25.70	24.60
	< three hours a day in the week	75.40	75.96	72.75	74.07	73.59	71.42	74.69	77.47	74.30	75.40
	Smoking	14.77	14.30	14.07	13.37	12.11	11.26	10.76	10.37	10.16	10.11	< 0.001
	Alcohol abuse	17.22	18.44	18.08	16.52	18.43	16.38	16.51	17.18	19.09	19.06	< 0.001
In natura foods consumption												< 0.001
	< two groups per day	59.67	60.39	60.63	58.05	57.71	55.55	55.80	55.42	58.49	59.67
	≥ two groups per day	40.33	39.61	39.37	41.95	42.29	44.45	44.20	44.58	41.51	40.33
Soft drinks consumption												< 0.001
	≥ five days a week	26.41	25.95	26.8	27.48	25.96	23.27	20.81	18.96	16.50	14.62
	< five days a week	73.59	74.05	73.20	72.52	74.04	76.73	79.19	81.04	83.50	85.38
Physical activity practice												<0.001
	< 150 minutes per week	56.93	56.68	56.59	54.56	52.96	52.83	50.51	48.78	46.38	46.59
	≥ 150 minutes per week	43.07	43.32	43.41	45.44	47.04	47.17	49.49	51.22	53.62	53.41

Watching TV ≥ three hours a day	OR	SE	[95%CI]	Sig.
Age (years)	0.999	0.001	[0.998 – 1.000]	^ p<0.05
Sex	1.086	0.016	[1.055 – 1.119]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Ethnicity/skin color	1.063	0.016	[1.031 – 1.096]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Marital status	1.148	0.017	[1.115 – 1.181]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Educational level (years)	0.991	0.002	[0.988 – 0.995]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Occupation	1.889	0.030	[1.832 – 1.948]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Overweight	1.111	0.018	[1.076 – 1.146]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Obesity	1.103	0.022	[1.061 – 1.147]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Diabetes diagnosis	1.117	0.028	[1.064 – 1.174]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Hypertension diagnosis	1.097	0.019	[1.059 – 1.135]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Self-assessment of poor health	1.047	0.034	[0.982 – 1.116]	ns
In natura foods consumption	0.984	0.003	[0.979 – 0.990]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Soft drinks consumption	1.440	0.026	[1.391 – 1.492]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Physical activity practice	0.798	0.012	[0.775 – 0.822]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Smoking	1.375	0.032	[1.315 – 1.438]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Alcohol abuse	1.334	0.026	[1.283 – 1.386]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.
Municipal GDP per capita (log)	0.826	0.007	[0.812 – 0.840]	^* ***** p < 0.01; ns: not significant; OR: odds ratio; SE: robust standard errors; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Sig.: significance.

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[1] Corresponding author: Flavia Mori Sarti. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Arlindo Béttio, 1.000, Ermelino Matarazzo, CEP: 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: flamori@usp.br