Moments in the trajectory of the State in the Amazon: preamble between the economic integration model and the sectorial investments of the Constitutional Finance Fund for the North and the Amazon Development Fund in Carajás, Pará

Abstract

This article aims to analyze two moments in the trajectory of investments by the State in the Amazon, more specifically in the region of Carajás, which united experiences for Brazilian economic integration and productive modernization and that reverberated throughout the phenomena of underdevelopment. In relation to the first moment, from 1972 to 1988, the gestation period of the export poles in the Amazon, an analysis was conducted of institutional documents from SUDAM: PDA, Polamazônia, and the Great Carajás Program. With regard to the second moment, from 2003 to 2018, reports from the Constitutional Finance Fund for the North (FNO), the activities developed, and the results obtained for the years 2012 to 2018 were compared with reports from the Amazon Development Fund (FDA), together with the Evaluation Reports for 2006-2014 and 2015-2016. With a review of the distribution of resources by the FNO and the FDA it was possible to verify that the productive dynamics, such as mining, agriculture and livestock and electricity infrastructure, historically encouraged by the State, conditioned the concentration of these resources in Carajás, aligned in a vicious circle of political and economic dependence on these activities.

Keywords:
FNO; FDA; the Amazon; Carajás; Territorial Inequalities