Plantas de laranja ‘Navelina’ sobre cinco porta-enxertos na região Norte do Paraná

Estudos sobre porta-enxertos e copas têm grande importância para a produção de citros. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, a produção das plantas e a qualidade dos frutos de laranja ‘Navelina’ enxertadas sobre cinco porta-enxertos na região Norte do Paraná, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, duas plantas por parcela e cinco tratamentos: limão ‘Cravo’; tangerina ‘Cleópatra’; tangerina ‘Sunki’, citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e citrange ‘Fepagro C-13’. Foram avaliados crescimento vegetativo,desempenho produtivo das plantas e características físico-químicas dos frutos. A tangerina ‘Sunki’ proporcionou maior volume de copa às plantas de laranja ‘Navelina’, enquanto o citrumelo ‘Swingle’, o citrange ‘Fepagro C-13’ e o limão ‘Cravo’ proporcionaram menor volume. Comparado ao limão ‘Cravo’, o citrumelo ‘Swingle’ proporcionou maior produção acumulada e eficiência produtiva à laranja ‘Navelina’. Todos os porta-enxertos avaliados induziram boa qualidade físico-química aos frutos de laranja ‘Navelina’.

Termos para indexação
Citrus spp.; Crescimento vegetativo; Produção; Qualidade do fruto

Autoria

Maria Aparecida da Cruz

Agronomist, Ph.D. student, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. CAPES Scholarship. E-mail: mary_ac18@hotmail.com University of LondrinaBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, Ph.D. student, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. CAPES Scholarship. E-mail: mary_ac18@hotmail.com

Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves

Agronomist, Ph.D., Professor, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: csvjneve@uel.br University of LondrinaBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, Ph.D., Professor, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: csvjneve@uel.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-167X

Deived Uilian de Carvalho

Agronomist, M.S., State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: deived10@gmail.com University of LondrinaBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, M.S., State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: deived10@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-5405

Ronan Carlos Colombo

Agronomist, Ph.D., State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: ronancolombo@yahoo.com.br University of LondrinaBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, Ph.D., State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. E-mail: ronancolombo@yahoo.com.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-2819

Rui Pereira Leite Júnior

Agronomist, Ph.D., Researcher, Agronomic Institute of Parana State (IAPAR), Londrina-PR. E-mail: ruileite@iapar.br Instituto Agronômico do ParanáBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, Ph.D., Researcher, Agronomic Institute of Parana State (IAPAR), Londrina-PR. E-mail: ruileite@iapar.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-7840

Zuleide Hissano Tazima

Agronomist, Ph.D., Researcher, Agronomic Institute of Parana State (IAPAR), Londrina-PR. E-mail: zuleide@iapar.br Instituto Agronômico do ParanáBrasilLondrina, PR, Brasil Agronomist, Ph.D., Researcher, Agronomic Institute of Parana State (IAPAR), Londrina-PR. E-mail: zuleide@iapar.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-5909

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (3)

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Table 1
Tree height, canopy diameter and volume, trunk diameter below (TDB) and above (TDA) the graft union, and trunk diameter ratio below/above graft union (TDB/TDA) for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, for the 2010 and 2017 seasons.

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Table 2
Mass, length (L), diameter (D), L/D ratio, peel color (PC), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), and juice yield (JY) of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange fruits from trees grafted on five different rootstocks, in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Each value is a mean of 9 years (2009 to 2017), except for peel color (2017).

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Table 3
Mean annual yields, cumulative and relative yield, yield efficiency, estimated row and tree spacing, number of trees, and yield estimation of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks from 2009 through 2017, in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

Table 1 Tree height, canopy diameter and volume, trunk diameter below (TDB) and above (TDA) the graft union, and trunk diameter ratio below/above graft union (TDB/TDA) for ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, for the 2010 and 2017 seasons.

Vegetative growth	Season	Rootstock¹
Vegetative growth	Season	'Rangpur' lime	'Cleopatra' mandarin	'Sunki' mandarin	'Swingle' citrumelo	'Fepagro C-13' citrange	CV (%)
Tree height (m)	2010	2.6 a¹	2.5 a	2.7 a	2.6 a	2.5 a	6.83
Tree height (m)	2017	3.5 b	3.6 ab	3.8 a	3.5 b	3.5 b	4.55
Canopy diameter (m)	2010	2.8 ab	2.7 ab	2.9 a	2.7 ab	2.6 b	5.37
Canopy diameter (m)	2017	4.7 b	4.8 ab	5.1 a	4.6 b	4.7 b	4.12
Canopy volume (m)	2010	10.5 ab	9.6 ab	11.9 a	10.2 ab	8.4 b	14.08
Canopy volume (m)	2017	40.6 b	44.8 ab	51.0 a	38.5 b	43.0 b	10.23
TDB^* (cm)	2010	11.1 a	10.1 a	11.0 a	11.9 a	11.0 a	9.98
TDB^* (cm)	2017	21.2 c	20.8 c	24.1 b	27.0 a	23.4 b	5.23
TDA^* (cm)	2010	9.1 a	8.0 ab	9.1 a	7.8 b	7.2 b	9.08
TDA^* (cm)	2017	16.1 b	16.0 b	17.9 a	13.0 c	12.7 c	4.02
TDB/TDA ratio	2010	1.2 b	1.3 b	1.2 b	1.5 a	1.6 a	10.64
TDB/TDA ratio	2017	1.3 c	1.3 c	1.3 c	2.1 a	1.8 b	4.47

¹
Means followed by the same letter in a row do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). *Diameters determined based on the trunk circumference, 10 cm above and 10 cm below the graft union.

Table 2 Mass, length (L), diameter (D), L/D ratio, peel color (PC), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), and juice yield (JY) of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange fruits from trees grafted on five different rootstocks, in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Each value is a mean of 9 years (2009 to 2017), except for peel color (2017).

Rootstock	Mass	Height	Diameter	L/D	PC**	SS	TA	Ratio	JY
Rootstock	(g)	(mm)	(mm)	ratio	(^oh)	(°Brix)	(%)	(SS/AT)	(%)
'Rangpur' lime	282.5 b¹	86.3 c	79.4 bc	1.09 b	87.4 a	10.0 a	0.62 a	16.5 a	45.0 ab
'Cleopatra' mandarin	284.7 b	86.4 c	78.6 c	1.10 ab	88.0 a	9.6 ab	0.59 a	16.8 a	45.6 ab
'Sunki' mandarin	292.4 b	88.7 b	80.6 b	1.10 ab	87.6 a	9.8 ab	0.63 a	15.9 ab	44.7 b
'Swingle' citrumelo	330.2 a	94.1 a	84.4 a	1.11 a	87.3 a	9.4 b	0.61 a	15.6 ab	46.2 a
'Fepagro C-13' citrange	339.3 a	93.3 a	85.1 a	1.10 ab	88.1 a	9.3 b	0.64 a	14.8 b	45.2 ab
CV (%)	2.28	0.88	1.19	0.95	2.08	2.95	5.54	4.90	1.77

¹
Means followed by the same letter in a row do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). **Peel color measured only in 2017.

Table 3 Mean annual yields, cumulative and relative yield, yield efficiency, estimated row and tree spacing, number of trees, and yield estimation of ‘Navelina’ sweet orange trees grafted on five different rootstocks from 2009 through 2017, in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

Yield and crop planning	Rootstock¹
Yield and crop planning	'Rangpur' lime	'Cleopatra' mandarin	'Sunki' mandarin	'Swingle' citrumelo	'Fepagro C-13' citrange	CV (%)
Yield in 2009 (kg per tree)	20.5 a¹	15.9 ab	13.6 ab	22.5 a	10.5 b	33.75
Yield in 2010 (kg per tree)	41.9 ab	35.4 b	49.3 ab	55.8 a	45.7 ab	21.81
Yield in 2011 (kg per tree)	33.0 a	20.4 a	29.8 a	36.4 a	31.5 a	32.09
Yield in 2012 (kg per tree)	51.2 b	43.6 b	56.1 b	76.4 a	61.4 ab	19.39
Yield in 2013 (kg per tree)	47.0 ab	41.2 b	51.9 ab	60.6 a	57.7 a	17.89
Yield in 2014 (kg per tree)	78.2 a	77.5 a	93.4 a	99.6 a	89.3 a	22.31
Yield in 2015 (kg per tree)	34.7 ab	23.0 b	26.5 b	52.9 a	32.6 ab	43.43
Yield in 2016 (kg per tree)	63.9 a	53.8 a	80.5 a	67.8 a	65.9 a	29.39
Yield in 2017 (kg per tree)	121.8 a	153.0 a	167.1 a	175.3 a	187.3 a	23.51
Cumulative yield (kg per tree)	492.2 b¹	463.8 b	568.1 ab	647.9 a	581.8 ab	15.51
Relative yield (%)	100	94	115	132	118	---
Yield efficiency in 2010 (kg.m^-3)	4.0 c	3.7 c	4.2 bc	5.5 a	5.4 ab	16.76
Yield efficiency in 2017 (kg.m^-3)	3.0 c	3.4 bc	3.5 bc	4.9 a	4.4 ab	19.06
Estimated rows spacing (m)	7.3 ab¹	7.4 ab	7.6 a	7.1 b	7.2 b	2.71
Estimated trees spacing (m)	3.6 ab	3.6 ab	3.8 a	3.5 b	3.5 b	4.12
Number of trees (trees ha^-1)	391.8 ab	374.5 ab	350.8 b	409.7 a	396.6 ab	7.18
Yield estimation (t ha^-1)	25.7 bc	23.5 c	27.5 bc	36.1 a	31.4 ab	14.61

¹
Means followed by the same letter in a row do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test (p = 0.05).

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Plantas de laranja ‘Navelina’ sobre cinco porta-enxertos na região Norte do Paraná

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[TFN0101] ¹
Means followed by the same letter in a row do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). *Diameters determined based on the trunk circumference, 10 cm above and 10 cm below the graft union.