Increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 immunoreactivity in the sclera-choroid complex in hypercholesterolemia experimental model

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Methods:

New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: the normal diet group (NG), with 8 rabbits (8 eyes), was fed a standard rabbit diet for 4 weeks; the hypercholesterolemic group (HG), with 13 rabbits (13 eyes), was fed a 1% cholesterol- enriched diet for 8 weeks. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose exams were performed at the start of the experiment and at the euthanasia time. HG and NG animals were euthanized after 8th week and 4th week, respectively. Their eyes were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and underwent histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses with ICAM-1 antibody.

Results:

The diet has induced a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HG when compared with NG (p<0.001). The histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin revealed a large number of macrophages in the HG sclera-choroid complex. Moreover, a significant increase in the HG sclera and choroid thickness was observed in relation to NG (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in the ICAM-1 expression in HG sclera and choroid in relation to NG

Conclusion:

This study has revealed that the hypercholesterolemic diet induces an increase in the ICAM-1 expression in the rabbits’ sclera and choroid.