Study of the flow around cofferdams constructed in running water through computational model

Dalmora, Cláudia Trevisol; Ota, José Junji

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.231820170145

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Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 23 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.231820170145 copy

Study of the flow around cofferdams constructed in running water through computational model

Estudo do escoamento na ponta de aterro de ensecadeiras construídas em água corrente através de modelo computacional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

River closure to provide a dry area for the construction of the works in the river bed must be carefully performed because a failure can lead to serious and costly delays. By means of a computational approach, using the FLOW 3D® software, this paper studies the hydraulic behavior of the flow around a cofferdam constructed in running water. The computational model was validated using results of an experimental investigation. Then the effect of changing the cofferdam configuration on the flow characteristics in this region was analyzed. This study showed that the computational model adequately reproduces this type of flow and that changing the configuration of the cofferdam: increasing the width of the crest or decreasing the embankment slope affects the flow curvature and positively affects the river closure process.

Keywords:
River closure; Cofferdam; End dumping; Computational modeling

Authorship

Cláudia Trevisol Dalmora

Intertechne Consultores S.A., Curitiba, PR, Brasil Intertechne Consultores S.A.BrasilCuritiba, PR, Brasil Intertechne Consultores S.A., Curitiba, PR, Brasil

José Junji Ota

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil Universidade Federal do Paraná BrasilCuritiba, PR, Brasil Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil

E-mails: claudiadalmora@hotmail.com (CTD), ota.dhs@ufpr.br (JJO)

Authors contributions Claudia Trevisol Dalmora: literature review, contribution in the definition of the methodology, execution of the methodology (including the computational modeling), processing, analysis and discussion of the results, elaboration and revisions of the manuscript.

José Junji Ota: provided the general idea and important recommendations for the research, definition of the methodology, significant contribution to the discussion of results and final manuscript revisions and contributions.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Intertechne Consultores S.A., Curitiba, PR, Brasil Intertechne Consultores S.A.BrasilCuritiba, PR, Brasil Intertechne Consultores S.A., Curitiba, PR, Brasil

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil Universidade Federal do Paraná BrasilCuritiba, PR, Brasil Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil

Figures | Formulas

Figures (26)
Formulas (9)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Typical configuration of the river closure using the lateral progressive method.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Different positions of the rocks in a rockfill cofferdam.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Shields diagram.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Hydraulic scale model study of the Paraná river closure to build the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Relation of flow velocity versus weight and diameter of the blocks.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Angle of repose of non-cohesive material.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Angle of inclination of a cofferdam embankment.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Different positions of the rocks in a rockfill cofferdam.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Shields diagram.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Hydraulic scale model study of the Paraná river closure to build the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Relation of flow velocity versus weight and diameter of the blocks.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Angle of repose of non-cohesive material.

Thumbnail

Figure 7
Angle of inclination of a cofferdam embankment.

Thumbnail

Figure 8
Plan and dimensions of cofferdam- experimental investigation.

Thumbnail

Figure 9
Section A.

Thumbnail

Figure 10
Section B.

Thumbnail

Figure 11
Cofferdam in the experimental investigation – Points where velocities were recorded around the end dump - Plan.

Thumbnail

Figure 12
Cofferdam in the experimental investigation - Points where velocities were recorded around the end dump - Cross-Section.

Thumbnail

Figure 13
Distance from the points where velocity is recorded in relation to the cofferdam slope.

Thumbnail

Figure 14
Channel and cofferdam in a computational model.

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Figure 15
Mesh of finite volumes of final simulation in a computational model.

Thumbnail

Figure 16
Study of the crest width variation.

Thumbnail

Figure 17
Original cofferdam (34º slope) and cofferdam slope 25º - cross section at the gap.

Thumbnail

Figure 18
Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Thumbnail

Figure 19
Variation of the cofferdam crest width - Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Thumbnail

Figure 20
Shear stress (N/m²).

Thumbnail

Figure 21
Streamlines and graphic velocity scale (m/s).

Thumbnail

Figure 22
Comparison of streamlines of the simulated cofferdams.

Thumbnail

Figure 23
Variation of inclination of the cofferdam slope - Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Thumbnail

Figure 24
Shear stress (N/m²).

Thumbnail

Figure 25
Streamlines and graphic velocity scale (m/s).

Thumbnail

Figure 26
Comparison of the streamlines of the simulated cofferdams.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Figure 1 Typical configuration of the river closure using the lateral progressive method.

Source: CIRIA et al. (2007) CIRIA – CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATION; CUR – CIVIELTECHNISCH CENTRUM UITVOERING RESEARCH EN REGELGEVING; CETMEF – CENTRE D'ÉTUDES MARITIMES ET FLUVIALES. The rock manual: the use of rock in hydraulic engineering. 2nd. ed. Londres: CIRIA, 2007. (CIRIA Special Publication, v. 683). .

Figure 2 Different positions of the rocks in a rockfill cofferdam.

Source: Pinto (1977) PINTO, N. L. S. Contribuição ao estudo das barragens de enrocamento construídas em água corrente. 1977. 144 f. Tese (Concurso de Professor Titular do Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 1977. .

Figure 3 Shields diagram.

Source: adapted from Henderson (1966) HENDERSON, F. M. Open channel flow. New York: MacMillan, 1966. .

Figure 4 Hydraulic scale model study of the Paraná river closure to build the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant.

Source: CEHPAR (1976) CEHPAR – CENTRO DE HIDRÁULICA E HIDROLOGIA PROFESSOR PARIGOT DE SOUZA. Projeto HL-46: estudos em modelo reduzido para o aproveitamento hidrelétrico do Rio Paraná, em Itaipu. Curitiba: CEHPAR, 1976. (Estudo do Fechamento do Rio Série de Provas Ensaios, n. 3 S-15). .

Figure 5 Relation of flow velocity versus weight and diameter of the blocks.

Source: Neidert and Tozzi (1986) NEIDERT, S. H.; TOZZI, M. J. Considerações sobre o dimensionamento do material de ensecadeiras construídas em ponta de aterro. In: Congresso Latinoamericano de Hidráulica, 3., 1986, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Hidrologia e Recursos Hídricos, Comité Regional Latino Americano da AIPH, 1986. p. 416-425. .

Figure 6 Angle of repose of non-cohesive material.

Source: adapted from Lane (1953) LANE, E. W. Progress report on studies on the design of stable channels by the Bureau of Reclamation. Reston: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1953. 31 p. (Proceedings ASCE, v. 79, n. 280). .

Figure 7 Angle of inclination of a cofferdam embankment.

Figure 2 Different positions of the rocks in a rockfill cofferdam.

Figure 3 Shields diagram.

Source: adapted from Henderson (1966) HENDERSON, F. M. Open channel flow. New York: MacMillan, 1966. .

Figure 4 Hydraulic scale model study of the Paraná river closure to build the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant.

Figure 5 Relation of flow velocity versus weight and diameter of the blocks.

Figure 6 Angle of repose of non-cohesive material.

Figure 7 Angle of inclination of a cofferdam embankment.

Figure 8 Plan and dimensions of cofferdam- experimental investigation.

Fonte: Pereira, 2001 PEREIRA, M. A. C. Ensecadeiras de enrocamento construídas em água corrente pelo método de lançamento por ponta de aterro. 2001. 146 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2001. .

Figure 9 Section A.

Source: Pereira, 2001 PEREIRA, M. A. C. Ensecadeiras de enrocamento construídas em água corrente pelo método de lançamento por ponta de aterro. 2001. 146 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2001. .

Figure 10 Section B.

Figure 11 Cofferdam in the experimental investigation – Points where velocities were recorded around the end dump - Plan.

Figure 12 Cofferdam in the experimental investigation - Points where velocities were recorded around the end dump - Cross-Section.

Figure 13 Distance from the points where velocity is recorded in relation to the cofferdam slope.

Figure 14 Channel and cofferdam in a computational model.

Figure 15 Mesh of finite volumes of final simulation in a computational model.

Figure 16 Study of the crest width variation.

Source: Dalmora, 2015 DALMORA, C. T. Construção de ensecadeiras em água corrente estudo da estabilidade de material lançado em ponta de aterro. 2015. 135 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2015. .

Figure 17 Original cofferdam (34º slope) and cofferdam slope 25º - cross section at the gap.

Figure 18 Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Figure 19 Variation of the cofferdam crest width - Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Figure 20 Shear stress (N/m²).

Figure 21 Streamlines and graphic velocity scale (m/s).

Figure 22 Comparison of streamlines of the simulated cofferdams.

Figure 23 Variation of inclination of the cofferdam slope - Relation (v/U) versus (h/H).

Figure 24 Shear stress (N/m²).

Figure 25 Streamlines and graphic velocity scale (m/s).

Figure 26 Comparison of the streamlines of the simulated cofferdams.

(1)

V_{m} = Y_{d}^{'} \sqrt{2 g \frac{γ_{S} - γ}{γ}} \sqrt{d}

(2)

V_{M} = Y_{d} \sqrt{2 g \frac{γ_{S} - γ}{γ}} \sqrt{d} \sqrt{f^{'} \cos α s e n α}

(3)

V_{m} = 5 \sqrt{d}

(4)

V_{M} = 7 \sqrt{d}

(5)

v = 6.71 \sqrt{d}

(6)

v = \sqrt{2 g Δ h}

(7)

d = 0.4 Δ h

(8)

\frac{u}{u_{*}} = a_{r} (\frac{u_{*} k_{s}}{ν}) + 5,75 \log \frac{y}{k_{s}}

(9)

τ_{o c} = 906 d

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Study of the flow around cofferdams constructed in running water through computational model

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[1] E-mails: claudiadalmora@hotmail.com (CTD), ota.dhs@ufpr.br (JJO)