Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B and C in pregnant women at a maternity hospital in Salvador

Freire, Jacielma de Oliveira; Schuch, Jaqueline Bohrer; Miranda, Mariana Freire de; Roglio, Vinícius Serafini; Tanajura, Helita; Victa, Ana Gabriela Lima Bispo de; Diemen, Lisia von

doi:10.1590/1806-93042021000300012

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. 21 (03) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000300012 copy

Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B and C in pregnant women at a maternity hospital in Salvador

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to calculate the prevalence and rate per 1,000 live births of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in pregnant women at a public maternity hospital in Salvador.

Methods:

this descriptive, cross-sectional study retrospectively collected data from compulsory notifications and medical records of pregnant women with STI seen at a maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil between 2014 and 2017 (n = 520). Prevalence and rate per 1,000 live births were estimated for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis. Associations between STI and other clinical and sociodemographic variables were investigated.

Results:

most pregnant women were born and resided in Salvador, presented a mean age of 26.4 years, self-reported mixed-race and had unplanned pregnancies. Prevalence and rates per 1,000 live births were, respectively: 0.26% and 3.39 for hepatitis B, 0.06% and 0.79 for hepatitis C, 0.47% and 6.23 for HIV, and 2.46% and 32.2 for syphilis.

Conclusion:

higher prevalence and rates of infection per 1,000 live births were seen at the maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil compared to official data provided by the Brazilian government, notably with regard to HIV and syphilis. The appropriate epidemiological notification of STI, especially in pregnant women, enables the elaboration of effective preventive strategies incorporating specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Key words
Pregnancy; Viral hepatitis; HIV; Syphilis; Sexually transmitted infections

	Age^a a mean ± standard deviation and Student’s t test for independent groups;	Self-reported skin color^b b frequency (%) and chi-squared test of association.			Marital status^b b frequency (%) and chi-squared test of association.		Residence within designated hospital’s region of service^b b frequency (%) and chi-squared test of association.
		White	Mixed-race	Black	Single	Married^c c Married or stable union. *adjusted residual > \|1.96\|. Due to lacking sociodemographic information, bivariate analyses did not include data from 2017.	Yes	No
Total (n=275)	26.4 ± 6.8	11 (4.1)	169 (62.8)	89 (33.1)	150 (59.3)	103 (40.7)	111 (41.0)	160 (59.0)
HIV
Yes	26.3 ± 6.3	2 (3.8)	42 (79.2)^*	9 (17)^*	29 (55.8)	23 (44.2)	19 (35.8)	34 (64.2)
No	26.4 ± 6.9	9 (4.2)	127 (58.8)^*	80 (37)^*	121 (60.2)	80 (39.8)	92 (42.2)	126 (57.8)
p	0.913		0.018			0.635		0.439
Hepatitis B
Yes	26.4 ± 6.3	0 (0)	23 (76.7)	7 (23.3)	13 (44.8)	16 (55.2)	9 (30.0)	21 (70.0)
No	26.4 ± 6.8	11 (4.6)	146 (61.1)	82 (34.3)	137 (61.2)	87 (38.8)	102 (42.3)	139 (57.7)
p	0.986		0.184			0.109		0.239
Hepatitis C
Yes	29.3 ± 7.3	1 (12.5)	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)	6 (75.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)
No	26.3 ± 6.7	10 (3.8)	165 (63.2)	86 (33.0)	144 (58.8)	101 (41.2)	109 (41.4)	154 (58.6)
p	0.184	0.429			0.478		0.478
Syphilis
Yes	26.3 ± 6.9	8 (4.2)	109 (57.1)^*	74 (38.7)^*	109 (61.2)	69 (38.8)	87 (45.1)	106 (54.9)
No	26.7 ± 6.5	3 (3.8)	60 (76.9)^*	15 (19.2)^*	41 (54.7)	34 (45.3)	24 (30.8)	54 (69.2)
p	0.603		0.007			0.401		0.04

	2014	2015	2016	2017	Total
Total cases (% of total for each year)	42 (8.1)	31 (6.0)	202 (38.8)	245 (47.1)	520 (100.0)
Total number of pregnant women served	4,081	5,198	4,539	2,821	16,639
Total number of live births	3,588	3,655	3,264	2,178	12,685
Syphilis
Cases	13	10	173	213	409
Prevalence among STI-positive pregnant women	31.0	32.3	85.6	86.9	78.7
Prevalence at maternity hospital, %	0.32	0.19	3.81	7.55	2.46
Number of cases per 1,000 live births	3.62	2.74	53.0	97.8	32.2
AIDS/HIV
Cases	18	17	19	25	79
Prevalence among STI-positive pregnant women	42.9	54.8	9.4	10.2	15.2
Prevalence at maternity hospital, %	0.44	0.33	0.42	0.89	0.47
Number of cases per 1,000 live births	5.02	4.65	5.82	11.48	6.23
Hepatitis B
Cases	11	4	15	12	43
Prevalence among STI-positive pregnant women	26.2	12.9	7.4	5.3	8.3
Prevalence at maternity hospital, %	0.27	0.08	0.33	0.43	0.26
Number of cases per 1,000 live births	3.07	1.09	4.60	5.51	3.39
Hepatitis C
Cases	3	4	2	1	10
Prevalence among STI-positive pregnant women	7.1	12.9	1.0	0.4	1.9
Prevalence at maternity hospital, %	0.07	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.06
Number of cases per 1,000 live births	0.84	1.09	0.61	0.46	0.79

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[1] Author’s contribution

The manuscript was written by Freire JO, Schuch JB, Roglio VS, von DiemenL, and the final version was revised by all coauthors. Data collection and database creation was performed by Freire JO, Miranda MF, Tanajura H, Victa AGLB. Statistical analysis was performed by Roglio VS. Study design was conceived by JO and von DiemenL. All authors approved the final version of the article.