Prevalence and determinants of complementary feeding indicators in the first year of life in the Southwest of Bahia State

Barbosa, Clessiane de Brito; Magalhães, Elma Izze da Silva; Rocha, Daniela da Silva

doi:10.1590/1806-9304202300000172-en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. 23 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9304202300000172-en copy

Prevalence and determinants of complementary feeding indicators in the first year of life in the Southwest of Bahia State

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to estimate the prevalence of complementary feeding indicators and investigate its determinants.

Methods:

cross-sectional study with 12-month-old children from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. The indicators minimum diet diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimally acceptable diet were constructed and adapted to the current recommendations of the food guide for Brazilian children under two years of age. Poisson regression analysis was used, with hierarchical entry of variables in the multivariate model.

Results:

the prevalence of minimum diet diversity was 38.8%, minimum meal frequency 47.9% and minimally acceptable diet 18.5%. Family income greater than one minimum wage was associated with minimal diet diversity (PR= 1.49; CI95%= 1.39-2.26); receiving guidance on complementary feeding was associated with a minimum meal frequency (PR= 1.37; CI95%= 1.05-1.78); and children who received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months had significantly higher prevalences of all indicators compared to those who did not.

Conclusions:

low prevalence of complementary feeding indicators was observed. The variables family income, receiving guidance on complementary feeding and offering exclusive breastfeeding for six months were associated with the highest prevalence of the studied indicators.

Key words:
Infant nutritional physiological phenomena; Infant’s nutrition; Healthy diet

Characteristics	n	%	CI95%^a
Socioeconomic and maternal
Family income^b
≤ 1 minimum wage	70	26.0	21.1-31.6
> 1 minimum wage	199	74.0	68.4-78.9
Maternal age (years)
<8	65	22.7	18.2-28.0
>8	221	77.3	72.0-81.8
Maternal age (years)
<20	34	11.9	8.6-16.2
20-34	201	70.3	64.7-75.3
>35	51	17.8	13.8-22.7
Maternal race/skin color
White/yellow	69	24.1	19.5-29.5
Black/mixed	217	75.9	70.5-80.5
Maternal work
No	126	44.1	38.4-49.9
Yes	160	55.9	50.1-61.6
Marital Status
Without partner	37	13.0	9.5-17.4
With partner	249	87.0	82.6-90.5
Parity
Primiparous	141	49.3	43.5-55.1
Multiparous	145	50.7	44.9-56.5
Related to children’s eating practices
Receiving guidance on complementary feeding during childcare
No	94	32.9	27.6-38.6
Yes	192	67.1	61.4-72.4
Responsible for the child’s feeding
Mother/father	216	75.5	70.2-80.2
Grandmother/other	70	24.5	19.8-29.8
Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months
No	239	83.6	76.5-85.6
Yes	47	16.4	12.5-21.2

Variables	Minimum diet diversity				Minimum meal frequency				Minimally acceptable diet
Variables	n	%	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p	n	%	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p	n	%	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p
Block 1 – Maternal and socioeconomics Characteristics
Maternal race/skin color				0.727				0.774				0.940
White/yellow	28	40.6	1.00		32	46.4	1.00		13	18.8	1.00
Black/mixed	83	38.3	0.94 (0.68-1.31)		105	48.4	1.04 (0.78-.39)		40	18.4	0.98 (0.56-1.72)
Maternal Age (years)				0.114				0.132				0.202
<20	9	26.5	1.00		11	32.4	1.00		2	5.8	1.00
20 - 34	77	38.3	1.44 (0.80-2.61)		104	51.7	1.59 (0.97-2.65)		40	19.9	3.38 (0.85-13.38)
≥ 35	25	49.0	1.85 (0.99-3.47)		22	43.1	1.33 (0.75-2.38)		11	21.5	3.66 (0.86-15.56)
Maternal schooling (years)				0.528				0.265				0.159
≤ 8	23	35.4	1.00		27	41.5	1.00		8	12.3	1.00
>8	88	39.8	1.12 (0.78-1.62)		110	49.7	1.19 (0.87-1.65)		45	20.4	1.65 (0.82-3.33)
Marital Status				0.620				0.940				0.957
Without partner	13	35.1	1.00		18	48.7	1.00		7	18.9	1.00
With partner	98	39.5	1.12 (0.71-1.79)		119	48.0	0.99 (0.69-.,41)		46	18.6	0.98 (0.47-2.01)
Family income				0.016				0.932				0.146
≤1 minimum wage	19	27.1	1.00		33	47.1	1.00		9	12.8	1.00
>1 minimum wage	90	45.2	1.67 (1.10-2.52)		95	47.7	1.01 (0.76-1.35)		42	21.1	1.64 (0.84-3.20)
Maternal work				0.051				0.195				0.387
No	53	35.6	1.00		68	45.6	1.00		25	16.8	1.00
Yes	58	42.3	1.33 (0.99-1.77)		69	50.4	1.17 (0.92-1.50)		28	20.4	1.24 (0.75-2.03)
Parity				0.861				0.210				0.398
Primiparous	54	38.3	1.00		57	40.4	1.00		18	16.7	1.00
Multiparous	57	39.3	1.02 (0.77-1.37)		80	55.2	1.36 (0.86-1.75)		35	24.1	1.89 (0.72-3.18)
Block 2 – infants’characteristics
Sexo				0.915				0.654				0.280
Male	57	38.5	1.00		69	46.6	1.00		31	20.9	1.00
Female	54	39.1	1.01 (0.76-1.36)		68	49.3	1.05 (0.83-1.35)		22	15.9	0.76 (0.46-1.24)
Birth weight (g)				0.286				0.139				0.509
<2,500	2	20.0	1.00		8	80.0	1.00		1	10.0	1.00
>2,500	109	39.5	1.97 (0.57-6.89)		129	46.7	0.58 (0.41-1.01)		52	18.8	1.88 (0.29-12.33)
Block 3 – Feeding practices characteristics
Receiving guidance on complementary feeding during childcare				0.021				0.010				0.163
No	27	28.7	1.00		43	45.7	1.00		13	13.8	1.00
Yes	84	43.8	1.52 (1.07-2.18)		94	79.0	1.37 (1.03-1.99)		40	20.8	1.50 (0.85-2.68)
Responsable for the child’s feeding				0.962				0.500				0.469
Mother and/or father	84	38.9	1.00		94	43.5	1.41 (0.85-1.79)		38	17.6	1.00
Grandmother/other	27	38.6	0.99 (0.71-1.39)		43	61.4			15	21.4	1.22 (0.71-2.08)
EBF up to 6 months				0.004				0.004				0.012
No	82	35.2	1.00		14	26.4	1.00		5	9.4	1.00
Yes	29	54.7	1.55 (1.15-2.10)		123	52.8	1.50 (1.13-1.97)		48	30.6	1.46 (1.19-1.96)

Variables	Minimum diet diversity		Minimum meal frequency		Minimally acceptable diet
Variables	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p	PR^a (CI95%)^b	p
Block 1 - Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics
Family income
≤ 1 minimum wage	1.00
> 1 minimum wage	1.49 (1.39-2.26)	0.046
Block 3 - Characteristics of feeding practices
Guidance on complementary feeding
No			1.00
Yes			1.37 (1.05-1.78)	0.016
EBF up to 6 months
No	1.00		1.00		1,00
Yes	1.44 (1.07-1.95)	0.015	1.49 (1.31-1.79)	0.003	1.00 (1.19-1.96)	0.008
Akaike information criterion	Model 1 418.1	Model 3 413.0	Model 1 480.3	Model 3 474.1	Model 1 286.7	Model 3 285.2

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[1] Associated Editor: Ana Albuquerque