Health and nutrition in public and private schools in the city of Recife

Bezerra, Myrtis de Assunção; Carvalho, Eduardo Freese de; Oliveira, Juliana Souza; Leal, Vanessa Sá

doi:10.1590/1806-930420170001000011

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 17 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-930420170001000011 copy

Health and nutrition in public and private schools in the city of Recife

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to analyze the implementation of initiatives and environments promoting healthy feeding as well as the practice of physical activity in public and private schools in Recife.

Methods:

the schools selected in the City of Recife (n=39) are part of the sample in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The degree of implementation was estimated by means of interviews with the school manager emphasizing the following components: community participation, presence of healthy environments, partnership with the health segment, monitoring of nutritional status and nutrition policies. The variables selected were assigned points whose sum rated them as satisfactory implementation, poor implementation and critical implementation.

Results:

the promotion of healthy eating as well as the practice of physical activity was satisfactorily implemented in 13.8% of public schools. However, no private schools obtained such rating. Public schools, when compared to private schools, showed themselves to be more structured, concerning the policies and environments promoting healthy eating and school community participation, however, they showed greater fragility regarding the promotion of physical activity practice and nutritional status monitoring. A few schools had satisfactory implementation in the partnership with the health segment.

Conclusions:

public and private schools have presented barriers which compromise the full implementation of initiatives and environments promoting healthy eating and physical activity practice.

Key words
Health promotion; School feeding; Physical activity; Adolescent; School health

Components	School Network
	Public				Private
	Yes		No		Yes		No
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Participation of school community
Meetings/training (year)
Meetings with parents to approach the healthy eating topic above the average^a a Average: 1,1 meetings/year in public schools; 1,3 meetings/year in private schools;	7	24.1	22	75.9	3	33.3	6	66.7
Meetings with employees to approach the healthy eating topic above the average^b b Average: 5 meetings/year in public schools; 0,8 meetings/year in private schools;	12	41.3	17	58.7	0	-	9	100.0
Training for teachers about healthy food and health	7	24.1	22	75.9	3	33.3	6	66.7
Building of PPP^* * PPP= Political pedagogical Project
Suggestions from meeting were considered in the building of PPP^* * PPP= Political pedagogical Project	28	96.5	1	3.5	6	66.7	3	33.3
Involvement of school community in the building of PPP ^* * PPP= Political pedagogical Project	26	89.7	3	10.3	6	66.7	3	33.3
Involvement of teachers, principals,and coordinators in the building of PPP^* * PPP= Political pedagogical Project	29	100.0	0	-	2	22.2	7	77.8
Estimates of involved teachers in the building of PPP above the average^c c Average: 2,4 teachers in public schools, 1,6 teachers in private schools;	27	93.1	2	6.9	5	55.6	4	44.4
School Curriculum
Inclusion of the healthy eating topic on the school curriculum	22	75.9	7	24.1	7	77.8	2	22.2
Inclusion of physical education on the school curriculum	28	96.5	1	3.5	9	100.0	0	-
Inclusion of health topic in the school curriculum	29	100.0	0	-	9	100.0	0	-
Healthy environments
Promoters of healthy eating
Presence of refectory with capacity to meet the demand of students during the meals	13	44.8	16	55.2	5	55.6	4	44.4
Presence of a specific space to the divulgation of information on health and healthy eating	24	82.8	5	17.2	6	66.7	3	33.3
Involvement of the students in the building of these spaces	23	79.3	6	20.7	5	55.6	4	44.4
Permanent destination of these specific spaces by school	10	34.5	19	65.5	3	33.3	2	66.7
Presence of space for the execution of culinary activities	8	27.6	21	72.4	6	66.7	3	33.3
Presence of school vegetable garden that promotes healthy food	4	13.8	25	86.2	3	33.3	6	66.7
Presence of commercial snack bar which promotes healthy eating	1	3.4	28	96.6	1	11.1	8	88,9
Absence of snack bar in the school	26	89.7	3	10.3	0	-	9	100.0
Absence of street vendors and/or local trade nearby school romoters of physical activity	2	6.9	27	93.1	3	33.3	6	66.7
Presence of appropiate environments for physical activity practive	7	24.1	22	75.9	9	100.0	0	-
Practical course of physical routine during the week	25	96,5	1	3.5	9	100.0	0	-
Extra physical activity during the week	15	51.7	14	48.3	4	44.4	5	55.6
Presence of refectory with structure to hold the students demands during meals	13	44.8	16	55.2	5	55.6	4	44.4
Presence of a specific space to the divulgation of information on health and healthy eating	24	82.8	5	17.2	6	66.7	3	33.3
Involvement of the students in the building of these spaces	23	79.3	6	20.7	5	55.6	4	44.4
Partnerships with the health sector
Participation/partnership of a health professional (volunteer or not) or agreement with health post or hospital	16	55.2	13	44.8	8	88.9	1	11.1
Health actions( ≥ 2 times/year)	10	34.5	19	65.5	3	33.3	6	66.7
Partnership with institutions which promote healthy eating and/or health	4	13.8	25	86.2		-	9	100.0
Periodic and Permanent visitis from Family heath crew	1	3.45	28	96.5	2	22.2	7	77.8
Monitoring of the nutritional state
Monitoring of weight and height of students developed by school	6	20.7	23	79.3	3	33.3	6	66.7
Monitoring of weight and height in all students	4	13.8	25	86.2	2	22.2	7	77.8
Orientation for obese and overweight students	5	17.2	24	82.3	4	44.4	5	55.6
Nutrition Policies
To enhance the consumption of in natura food	26	89.6	3	10.34	4	44.4	6	55.6
To limit the consumption of sweets foods, french fries and soft drinks among students	21	72.4	8	27.6	3	33.3	6	66.7
Which determine that in school events foods such as fruits, whole grains should be included among the foods offered	20	68.9	9	31.1	4	44.4	5	55.6
Which indicates that food offered in the school shouldn’t have sugar, salt or fat or low nutritional value	28	96.5	1	3.5	4	44,4	5	55.6
To emphasize the degree of processing of such snacks as biscuits, ice creams and soft drinks	21	72.4	8	27.6	6	66.7	3	33.3

Components	School Network
	Public						Private
	Satisfactory		Unsatisfactory		Critical		Satisfactory		Unsatisfactory		Critical
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Participation of school community	12	41.4	14	48.3	3	10.3	2	22.2	6	66.7	1	11.1
Presence of healthy environments
Healthy eating	4	13.8	14	48.3	11	37.9	1	11.1	2	22.2	6	66.7
Physical activity practice	3	10.3	16	55.2	10	34.5	2	22.2	7	77.8	0	-
Partnership with the health sector	6	20.7	6	20.7	17	58.6	1	11.1	5	55.6	3	33.3
Monitoring of the nutritional state	2	6.9	4	13.8	23	79.3	2	22.2	0	-	7	77.8
Nutrition policies	11	37.9	7	24.1	11	37.9	0	-	1	11.1	8	88.9

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[TFN1] ^a
Average: 1,1 meetings/year in public schools; 1,3 meetings/year in private schools;

[TFN2] ^b
Average: 5 meetings/year in public schools; 0,8 meetings/year in private schools;

[TFN3] ^c
Average: 2,4 teachers in public schools, 1,6 teachers in private schools;

[TFN4] ^*
PPP= Political pedagogical Project