Association between prepregnancy and newborn body mass index

cohort study with 1,365 pregnant women and their newborns from the BRISA survey (Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies) in São Luís-MA. Prepregnancy BMI was self-reported, and newborns’ BMI was estimated using the weight and length measured at birth. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was developed to identify the adjustment variables. The association between the prepregnancy BMI and newborns’ BMI were analyzed using multiple linear and Poisson regression with robust variance estimation.

Results:

NBs had 13.4±1.7kg/m² average BMI at birth. In the linear analysis, we observed that as the prepregnancy BMI increases, the NBs BMI also increases (ß=0.07; CI95%=0.05–0.09;p<0.001). Newborns of mothers with prepregnancy overweight were 3.58 times more likely to be overweight.

Conclusion:

prepregnancy BMI can affect newborn’s BMI early. Thus, women planning to become pregnant should consider conducting nutritional planning to maintain or obtain a healthy weight to minimize the risk of overweight for the newborn.

Keywords:
Nutritional status; Body mass index; Pregnancy; Newborn

Characteristic	N	%	X̄ ± SD
Age (years)			25.7 ± 5.5
<20	167	12.2
20-34	1,106	81.0
≥35	92	6.8
Schooling level (years)
0-7	172	12.5
8-12	1,036	76.0
>12	156	11.5
Marital status
With a partner	1,094	80.1
Without a partner	271	19.8
Parity
1 delivery	703	51.5
2 deliveries	446	32.7
≥3 births	216	15.8
Socioeconomic status
A/B	246	18.0
C	910	66.7
D/E	209	15.3
Occupation
Non-manual	204	14.9
Specialized manual	450	33.0
No occupation	711	52.1

Characteristic	N	%	X̄ ± SD
Prepregnancy BMI			25.6 ± 4.4
Thinness/eutrophic	640	48.4
Overweight	509	38.5
Obesity	174	13.1
Alcohol consumption
No	1,060	77.7
Yes	305	22.3
Smoking
No	1,308	95.8
Yes	57	4.2
Gestational hypertension
No	1,309	96.0
Yes	53	4.0
Gestational diabetes
No	1,304	98.9
Yes	14	1.1
Delivery method
Vaginal	678	49.7
Cesarean section	687	50.3
Prenatal consultations			7.0 ± 1.7
<6	199	18.0
>6	906	82.0
Gender of the newborn
Male	678	49.7
Female	687	50.3
BMI of the newborn			13.4 ± 1.7
Low weight/eutrophic	1,265	96.5%
Overweight/obesity	46	3.5%

Linear regression
	IMC do recém-nascido
Prepregnancy BMI	Coef.β	CI95%	p
	0.07	0.05 – 0.09	<0.001

Poisson Regression
	Excesso de peso no recém-nascido
Prepregnancy BMI	RR	CI95%	p
No overweight	Ref.
Overweight	3.62	1.68 – 7.82	0.001

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira Rua dos Coelhos, 300. Boa Vista, 50070-550 Recife PE Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 81 2122-4141 - Recife - PR - Brazil
E-mail: revista@imip.org.br

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[TFN1] BMI = body mass index; Data total sum may not reach the total sample due to lost information.