| Author/year | Population | Type of study /Objective | Method | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koivusalo et al.8 (2016) | 293 pregnant women with a history of GDM and / or BMI pre-pregnancy ≥ 30 kg / m2 | Randomized controlled study Assess whether GDM can be prevented by moderate lifestyle intervention in pregnant women at high risk of the disease. |
155 (intervention group): received instructions on physical activity and diet. 138 (control group): standard care |
The incidence of GDM was 13.9% in the intervention group and 21.6% in the control group ([CI95% = 0.40-0.98%); p=0.044. The gestational weight gain was smaller in the intervention group (-0.58 kg (CI95%= -1.12 to -0.04 kg); p=0.037 adjusted. |
| Hayes et al.9 (2015) | 183 obese pregnant women | Randomized controlled study Explore patterns of physical activity and factors related to unfavorable intercurrence |
Three different patterns of physical activity in three groups | Secondary outcome on gestational BMI did not reveal significant values in weight reduction. |
| Asbee et al.10 (2009) | 100 pregnant women | Randomized controlled study Physical exercise and change in lifestyle | 57 (intervention group): received guidelines for physical activity and diet. 43 (Placebo group): standard service |
The intervention group gained significantly less weight than the prenatal group (28.7+/- 12.5 pounds (lb) in comparsion to 35.6+/- 15.5 lb, p=0.01) |
| Brett et al.20 (2015) | 16 pregnant women | Randomized controlled study Assessment on physical activity and maternal quality diet in the expression of genes involving fatty acids, amino acids transport |
Physical activity was measured directly with accelerometry, the diet composition was assessed in 24 h food recalls and the gene expression was measured with PCR arrangements. | Less expression on the transport of fatty acid 4 protein (FATP4) gene, with physical activity. There was a strong positive correlation between total sugar consumption (p<0.001). |
| Chiswick et al.21 (2015) | 400 pregnant women | Multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Metformin effectiveness in obese pregnant women. |
Placebo group Intervention group To test metformin effects on maternalfetal outcomes. BMI and baby weight | Metformin has no teratogenic effects and is a low-cost drug. |
| Salles et al.22 (2018) | 164 obese pregnant women | Randomized controlled study To assess metformin effectiveness in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in obese pregnant women | 82 control group (standard care). 82 intervention group (standard care in conjunction with metformin (1,000 mg / d) |
There were no significant values observed in the BMI variation and in the GDM prevention. |
| Syngelaki et al.24 (2016) | 450 obese pregnant women Metformin (n=202) Placebo (n=198) |
Randomized controlled study Identify the outcomes with the use of metformin in obese non-diabetic pregnant women. |
Starting dose of metformin whether 1,000 mg/d in the first week and increased by 500 mg per week until reaching a maximum dosage of 3,000 mg/d in the fifth week | Median weight gain: 4.6 (1.3 to 7.2) metformin vs 6.3 (2.9 to 9.2) placebo |
| Beyuo et al.26 (2015) | 104 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). | Randomized controlled study Determine whether metformin alone or in combination with insulin is equally effective in controlling GDM. |
The initial dose of metformin was 500 mg/d once daily and gradually increased over two (2) weeks to reach glycemic targets. | The two-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (2HPG) were significantly lower in the metformin group than in the insulin group (p=0.004). |
| Arshad et al.27 (2016) | 62 pregnant women with GDM | Clinical trial study Diet and physical activity control group Metformin 500 mg/d intervention group |
To assess the effects of dietary control and metformin on placental morphology in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). | Metformin produced beneficial effects on placental morphology, being comparable to normal control in contrast to the diet group. |
| Rowan et al.28 (2016) | 751 pregnant women with GDM | Randomized controlled study Observe metformin acceptance compared to insulin and results |
Of 363 women assigned to metformin, 92.6% continued to receive metformin until delivery and 46.3% received supplemental insulin. The primary composite outcome rate was 32.0% in the group designated for metformin and 32.2% in the insulin group. | More women in the metformin group than in the insulin group stated that they would choose to receive the assigned treatment again (76.6% vs. 27.2%, p<0.001). |
