Carcass and meat traits of feedlot Nellore bulls fed different dietary energy sources

The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary energy sources on the carcass and meat traits of feedlot Nellore bulls. A total of 48 Nellore bulls at 32 months of age with 354.35±19.56 kg body weight were studied for 85 days. The bulls were allotted to four groups of 12 individuals: Whole corn grain - diet based on whole corn grain; Ground corn - diet based on ground corn grain; Citrus pulp - diet based on citrus pulp; and Steam-flaked corn - diet based on steam-flaked corn. Diets did not influence carcass quality or meat quality. Average values for fat depth, rib eye area, shear force, total cooking losses, and carcass yield were 4.97 mm, 74.71 cm², 5.85 kgf, 26.82%, and 52.0%, respectively. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of this study, there is no restriction for the adoption of any of the tested diets in feedlots with Nellore bulls and the evaluated energy sources may be used to replace ground corn grain.

Key Words:
fat; high-concentrate diets; intake; rib eye area; tenderness

Authorship

Geraldo Helber Batista Maia Filho

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Fabiano Alvim Barbosa

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Lucas Luz Emerick

Rafahel Carvalho Souza

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Tadeu Chaves Figueiredo

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Henrique de Oliveira Azevedo

Pecuária Sustentável da Amazônia S.A., Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil.Pecuária Sustentável da Amazônia S.A.BrazilAlta Floresta, MT, BrazilPecuária Sustentável da Amazônia S.A., Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil.

Luigi Francis Lima Cavalcanti

Seva Engenharia - Intergado, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Seva Engenharia - IntergadoBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSeva Engenharia - Intergado, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

CNPq/RHAE fellowship recipient. CNPq/RHAEBrazilBrazil CNPq/RHAE fellowship recipient.

Raphael Amazonas Mandarino

Corresponding author: fabianoalvimvet@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Seva Engenharia - Intergado, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Seva Engenharia - IntergadoBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSeva Engenharia - Intergado, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

CNPq/RHAE fellowship recipient. CNPq/RHAEBrazilBrazil CNPq/RHAE fellowship recipient.

Tables | Formulas

Tables (4)
Formulas (1)

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Table 1
Ratio of ingredients and nutritional composition of diets (%), on a dry matter basis

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Table 2
Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for dry matter intake per animal, performance, and carcass characteristics of Nellore bulls

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Table 3
Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for forequarter, hindquarter, and spire ribs yields, fat thickness, and rib eye area in Nellore bulls

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Table 4
Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for losses during the cooking and thawing processes and shear force of beef strip steak from Nellore bulls

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Table 1 Ratio of ingredients and nutritional composition of diets (%), on a dry matter basis

Whole corn grain - diet consisting of whole-grain corn and commercial pelleted supplement; Ground corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and ground corn grain as the main ingredient in concentrate; Citrus pulp - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and citrus pulp as the main feed in concentrate; Steam-flaked corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and steam-flaked corn as the main ingredient in concentrate. NDF - neutral detergent fiber; ADF - acid detergent fiber; NFC - non-fibrous carbohydrate; TDN - total digestible nutrients; ME - metabolizable energy = (1.01 × 0.04409 × TDN) - 0.45, according to NRC (2001).
¹
Containing 11 g/kg P; 26 g/kg Ca; 11 g/kg S; 8 g/kg Mg; 6 g/kg Na; 350 mg/kg Zn; 100 mg/kg Cu; 300 mg/kg Fe; 312 mg/kg Mn; 4 mg/kg Co; 6 mg/kg I; 2 mg/kg Se; 37.3% CP; 66.4% TDN.
²
Containing 54 g/kg P; 175 g/kg Ca; 23 g/kg S; 9 g/kg Mg; 111 g/kg Na; 2,450 mg/kg Zn; 875 mg/kg Cu; 1,500 mg/kg Fe; 520 mg/kg Mn; 46 mg/kg Co; 47 mg/kg I; 16 mg/kg Se; 15 mg/kg Cr; 1,700 mg/kg virginiamycin; 1,700 mg/kg monensin.

Table 2 Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for dry matter intake per animal, performance, and carcass characteristics of Nellore bulls

Different letters indicate P<0.05 according to Tukey-Kramer's test.
Whole corn grain - diet consisting of whole-grain corn and commercial pelleted supplement; Ground corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and ground corn grain as the main ingredient in concentrate; Citrus pulp - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and citrus pulp as the main feed in concentrate; Steam-flaked corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and steam-flaked corn as the main ingredient in concentrate.
Carcass weight - eviscerated hot carcass weight.

Table 3 Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for forequarter, hindquarter, and spire ribs yields, fat thickness, and rib eye area in Nellore bulls

Whole corn grain - diet consisting of whole-grain corn and commercial pelleted supplement; Ground corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and ground corn grain as the main ingredient in concentrate; Citrus pulp - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and citrus pulp as the main feed in concentrate; Steam-flaked corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and steam-flaked corn as the main ingredient in concentrate.
CCW - cold carcass weight.

Table 4 Predicted means and standard error of the means (in parentheses) for losses during the cooking and thawing processes and shear force of beef strip steak from Nellore bulls

Whole corn grain - diet consisting of whole-grain corn and commercial pelleted supplement; Ground corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and ground corn grain as the main ingredient in concentrate; Citrus pulp - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and citrus pulp as the main feed in concentrate; Steam-flaked corn - diet consisting of Pennisetum purpureum silage and steam-flaked corn as the main ingredient in concentrate.

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Carcass and meat traits of feedlot Nellore bulls fed different dietary energy sources

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[1] Corresponding author: fabianoalvimvet@hotmail.com