Effects of administering phytogenic additives and antibiotics to unchallenged nursery piglets: A meta-analytic approach

Matoso, Letícia Galvão; Weege, Vitoria; Primieri, Charlise Campos; Mass, Anna Paula Holzmann; Andrade, Edilson; Lehnen, Cheila Roberta

doi:10.37496/rbz5320210186

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Non-ruminants • R. Bras. Zootec. 53 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5320210186 copy

Effects of administering phytogenic additives and antibiotics to unchallenged nursery piglets: A meta-analytic approach

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

A meta-analysis was employed to assess the effects of phytogenic feed additives and antibiotics on the performance and intestinal morphometry of unchallenged weanling pigs. The database included 41 articles published between 2004 and 2017, comprising 5,197 unchallenged nursery piglets. Piglets had 7.7 to 13.8 kg body weight and were assessed at 27.3 to 47.8 days of age, distributed into 156 experimental groups. All treatments were categorized into negative control, phytogenic additive (PA), and antibiotics (ATB) groups. The meta-analysis followed two sequential analyses: graphical and variance-covariance. Age and body weight were the factors that highly influenced the model. Piglets that received antibiotics had a higher (12.2%) daily weight gain than piglets in the control group. Phytogenic additives in diets enhanced intestinal morphometry in unchallenged piglets. Antibiotics increased (by 12.7%) the crypt depth of jejunum in comparison to the control treatment. Animals on PA had an 11.1% increment in villus height:crypt depth ratio than those on antibiotics. Phytogenic additives and antibiotics boost nursery piglet performance. Antibiotics advances the performance of unchallenged nursery piglets, but increases crypt depth in the jejunum. Performance of nursery piglets is better with combined phytogenic additives than with the isolated use of plant extracts.

feed additive; piglet nutrition; plant extract; weaning piglets

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[1] *Corresponding author: cheilalehnen@gmail.com

N	Authors	Country	BWi (kg)	BWf (kg)	Pattern diets	T (°C)	PA	ppm	ATB	ppm
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Additive¹	n	Performance
		ADFI (g)		ADG (g)		FCR³
		LS-Means²	∆ (%)³	LS-Means	∆ (%)	LS-Means	∆ (%)
Control	89	500.9	0.0	326.2	0.0a	1.58	0.0
PA	143	504.6	0.7	340.6	2.6a	1.51	−0.7
ATB	58	528.7	6.7	354.3	12.2b	1.47	−4.6
SD		94.7	7.8	75.6	12.9	0.41	10.6
Model^4,5		Probability of fixed effects
Additives		0.560	0.143	0.413	0.004	0.305	0.080
Age		<0.001	0.384	<0.001	0.183	0.363	0.022
BW		<0.001	0.546	<0.001	0.367	0.784	0.125
Additives × Age		0.427	0.492	0.270	0.068	0.501	0.235

Additive¹	n	Villus height (μm)
		Duodenum		Jejunum		Ileum
		LS-Means²	∆ (%)³	LS-Means	∆ (%)	LS-Means	∆ (%)
Control	17	485.3	0.0	407.6	0.0	332.0	0.0
PA	34	483.9	6.2	441.9	8.5	361.0	9.9
ATB	15	475.1	1.8	430.4	5.6	334.0	1.6
SD		23.4	3.7	10.8	11.3	22.2	8.0
Model⁴		Probability of fixed effects
Additives		0.682	0.340	0.812	0.198	0.261	0.259
Age		0.720	0.875	0.841	0.957	0.754	0.835
BW		0.027	0.665	0.036	0.961	0.581	0.390
Additives × Age		0.384	0.502	0.600	0.931	0.909	0.692
Additives × BW		0.820	0.804	0.516	0.931	0.221	0.319
Additive¹	n	Crypt depth (μm)
		Duodenum		Jejunum		Ileum
		LS-Means	∆ (%)³	LS-Means	∆ (%)	LS-Means	∆ (%)
Control	17	188.8	0.0	218.5a	0.0a	200.0	0.0
PA	34	188.2	−1.9	219.0a	1.2a	194.4	−1.7
ATB	15	184.6	0.7	245.9b	12.7b	205.6	1.5
SD		14.0	6.7	23.2	10.4	16.9	7.8
Model^4,5		Probability of fixed effects
Additives		0.709	0.490	0.031	0.014	0.201	0.173
Age		0.776	0.744	0.975	0.928	0.868	0.878
BW		0.504	0.383	0.882	0.787	0.677	0.712
Additives × Age		0.991	0.951	0.583	0.330	0.717	0.448
Additives × BW		0.552	0.395	0.766	0.935	0.934	0.967
	Means	Villus height:crypt depth
	Means	Duodenum		Jejunum		Ileum
Control	2.00	2.57		1.87		1.66
PA	2.20	2.57		2.02		1.86
ATB	1.98	2.57		1.75		1.62