Variation in the abundance of 13C and biological nitrogen fixation in legume plants such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can be used in cultivar selection programs allowing a better understanding of the physiological processes related to water use, photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation and their interdependence. This would supply data for selection programs for the improvement of dry matter yield (DM), water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass quality. Thus evaluation of the plant under contrasting conditions becomes necessary, therefore in this study, the plants were evaluated under rainfall and irrigated conditions in lysimeters. In this study, 12 and 6 alfalfa cultivars was evaluated respectively in two experiments installed in lysimeters by split-plot statistical design under constant irrigation and regime of rains. The results showed the existence of a complex interdependence between the agronomic characteristics of the alfalfa cultivars. Under controlled conditions the alfalfa responded positively to irrigation, in relation to both quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The cultivars Crioula Chilena and Crioula Brasileira showed the best results. In the first evaluation (after 6 months) correlations between carbon isotopic discrimination (CID), biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), dry matter yield (DM) and water use efficiency (WUE) were not significant. In the second evaluation (after 1 year), under irrigated conditions CID was negatively correlated with DM (-0.92**), WUE (-0.94**) and BNF (-0.79*). BNF was positively correlated with DM (0.93**) and WUE (0.87*). Under non-irrigated conditions correlation between these parameters was not significant. There exists a tendency for a positive correlation between DM and CID in studies with C3 plants that can be altered when water is limiting, root development is limited or when contrasting cultivars are used. If a positive correlation is maintained, the possibility of increasing the WUE is minimal, since the increase of CID is a result of the increase in transpiration.
alfalfa; biological nitrogen fixation; carbon isotopic discrimination; Sinorhizobium meliloti; water use efficiency
