Part of the fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to pasture may be lost from the system and, in tropical pastures, the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) is one of the major pathways of loss. The present study aimed to estimate the NH3-N volatilization loss in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture fertilized with urea during the summer. A completely randomized design, following a repeated measure arrangement, with three replicates was used. The plots were represented by urea levels (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha urea-N) and the subplots by the time after fertilization (1, 5 and 9 days). The interaction between level of fertilization and time after urea application was significant for accumulated NH3-N volatilization loss and daily NH3-N volatilization loss rate. The combination of high soil water content, lack of rainfall in the day following fertilization and high temperature determined high ammonia volatilization losses. The accumulated NH3-N loss in the period represented 48%, 41% and 42% of the applied N in 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha urea-N fertilizations, respectively. The accumulated NH3-N loss (kg/ha) increased, while the daily NH3-N volatilization loss rate decreased with the increase in time after fertilization.
nitrogenous fertilizer; Panicum maximum; pasture
