Hydrogen peroxide to mitigate the effects of salt stress in the mini watermelon under hydroponic cultivation<sup/>

Silva, André Alisson Rodrigues da; Sousa, Pedro Francisco do Nascimento; Lima, Geovani Soares de; Soares, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos; Paiva, Francisco Jean da Silva; Gheyi, Hans Raj; Azevedo, Carlos Alberto Vieira de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20240024

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 55 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20240024 copy

Hydrogen peroxide to mitigate the effects of salt stress in the mini watermelon under hydroponic cultivation¹ 1 Paper extracted from the Scientific and Technological Initiation study conducted by second author at the Federal University of Campina Grande/UFCG, with the support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of substances that can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress is a promising alternative for the use of saline water, especially in semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in mitigating salt stress in the mini watermelon grown in a hydroponic system. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in an area belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, Paraíba. The experimental design was completely randomised using a split-plot factorial scheme with four levels of electrical conductivity for the nutrient solution-ECns (2.1, 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1 dS m^-1) considered the plots, and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide-H₂O₂ (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) the subplots, with five replications. The foliar application of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of between 17 and 20 µM mitigated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, the rate of CO₂ assimilation, carboxylation efficiency, and carotenoid content in the mini watermelon up to an ECns of 5.1 dS m^-1. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations greater than 20 µM intensified the effects of salt stress on gas exchange and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in the mini watermelon. Furthermore, there was an increase in electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade.

Key words:
Citrullus lanatus; Salinity; Protected environment; Elicitor

Nutrient	Fertilizer	Quantity (g 1000 L^-1)
P/K	KH₂PO₄	136.09
K/N	KNO₃	101.10
Ca /N	Ca (NO₃)₂.4H₂O	236.15
Mg	MgSO₄.4H₂O	246.49
B	H₃BO₃	3.10
Mn	MnSO₄.4H₂O	1.70
Zn	ZnSO₄.7H₂O	0.22
Cu	CuSO₄	0.75
Mo	(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄. 4H₂O	1.25
	EDTA - Na	13.9
Fe	FeSO₄	13.9

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	%EL	RWC
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	1107.13^ respectively, not significant, significant at p < 0,05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	390.75^ respectively, not significant, significant at p < 0,05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation
Linear regression	1	4284.97^ respectively, not significant, significant at p < 0,05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	905.31^ respectively, not significant, significant at p < 0,05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation
Quadratic regression	1	737.54^ns	169.76^ns
Residual 1	12	77.57	19.03
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)	3	315.1^ns	72.37^ns
Linear regression	1	330.36^ns	16.37^ns
Quadratic regression	1	0.02^ns	137.23^ns
Interaction (ECns × H₂O₂)	9	320.59^* * , and	29.24^ns
Residual 2	48	174.72	45.04
CV1 (%)		19.58	6.11
CV2 (%)		25.39	9.40

Source of variation	DF	Mean Ssuares
Source of variation	DF	Ci	gs	E	A	CEi	WUEi
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	2653.1^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	0.07^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	1.1^ns	78.8^* * and	44.4x10^-4^* * and	2.8^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation
Linear regression	1	4075.5^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	0.19^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	2.9^ns	167.5^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	13.3x10^-4^* * and	3.7^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation
Quadratic regression	1	663.1^ns	0.01^ns	0.2^ns	1.1^ns	10.5x10^-4ns	2.6^* * and
Residual 1	12	677.84	0.02	1.26	29.85	1.90x10^-3	1.0
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)	3	1573.4^* * and	0.01^ns	1.7^* * and	30.7^ns	47.6x10^-4^* * and	1.1^ns
Linear regression	1	1419.6^ns	0.01^ns	1.5^ns	48.6^ns	87.4x10^-4^* * and	1.8^ns
Quadratic regression	1	3052.6^* * and	0.01^ns	3.6^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	7.9^ns	30.0x10^-4ns	0.9^ns
Interaction (ECns × H₂O₂)	9	841.5^ns	0.03^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	0.2^ns	65.9^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	45.3x10^-4^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation	0.8^ns
Residual 2	48	458.48	0.01	0.30	19.11	1.40x10^-3	0.4
CV1 (%)		14.07	17.79	12.47	16.36	15.08	11.10
CV2 (%)		11.57	18.28	21.04	20.44	19.00	18.67

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	Chl a¹	Chl b¹	Car	FFW	PD	ED
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	4.2 x 10^-3ns	0.03^ns	0.86^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	340179.6^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	139.4^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	196.4^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1
Linear regression	1	2.2 x 10^-3ns	0.06^ns	2.53^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	768919.5^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	218.7^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	345.1^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1
Quadratic regression	1	5.4 x 10^-3ns	0.04^ns	0.03^ns	180980.6^* * and	165.4^* * and	182.5^* * and
Residual 1	12	1.9 x 10^-3	5.1x10^-3	0.05	33342.7	340.5	2.23
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)	3	5.6 x 10^-3ns	0.04^ns	0.44^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	11213.9^ns	31.4^ns	43.1^ns
Linear regression	1	7.6 x 10^-3ns	0.07^ns	0.48^* * and	8316.8^ns	34.1^ns	21.7^ns
Quadratic regression	1	7.7 x 10^-3ns	0.02^ns	0.70^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	9882.7^ns	45.4^ns	92.1^ns
Interaction (CEsn × H₂O₂)	9	1.2 x 10^-2^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	0.05^ns	0.29^ respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01. DF: degree of freedom; CV: coefficient of variation.1 Data transformed into χ+1	23767.1^ns	51.9^ns	37.9^ns
Residual 2	48	3.5 x 10^-3	6.1x10^-3	0.07	25718.59	275.5	2.25
CV1 (%)		9.24	11.01	14.69	16.85	19.82	11.28
CV2 (%)		10.89	13.57	17.51	22.37	22.04	11.42

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[1] Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Carlos Alexandre Gomes Costa - costacag@gmail.com