Morphophysiology and water relations of <i>Spondias</i> rootstocks under different irrigation frequencies

Silva, Luderlândio de A.; Soares, Lauriane A. dos A.; Lima, Geovani S. de; Roque, Iara A.; Fátima, Reynaldo T. de; Lima, Adriana S.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n414rc

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n414rc copy

Morphophysiology and water relations of Spondias rootstocks under different irrigation frequencies

Morfofisiologia e relações hídricas de porta-enxertos de Spondias sob diferentes frequências de irrigação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is characterized by scarcity of water for irrigation purposes due to long periods of drought, compromising the development of species such as Spondias tuberosa L. and Spondias mombin L., which, despite being considered drought tolerant, can have their yield negatively affected by low water availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiology, quantum efficiency and water relations of S. tuberosa and S. mombin rootstocks under different irrigation intervals in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to 5 irrigation intervals - INT (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after each irrigation event) and two species of the genus Spondias - SPC (S. tuberosa and S. mombin) with four replicates and three plants per plot, totaling 120 plants. Irrigation management with a five-day irrigation interval reduced gas exchange and growth of rootstocks of the Spondias species. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II of Spondias rootstocks (S. tuberosa and S. mombin) was not compromised when the plants were irrigated every two and four days. Irrigation every three days in the early stages of development of Spondias species can be used with the lowest losses in gas exchange and growth of rootstocks.

Keywords
Irrigation frequency; Spondias tuberosa; Spondias mombin; Water scarcity

Density	Total Porosity	Moisture (%)		Available water	Sorption Complex
Density	Total Porosity	Moisture (%)		Available water	Ca⁺²	Mg⁺²	Na⁺	K⁺	pHsp	ECse
(kg dm^-3)	(%)	0.33 atm	15 atm	(%)	(cmol_c kg^-1)				-	(dS m^-1)
1.56	42.00	12.85	4.66	8.19	3.67	2.76	1.1	0.26	8.98	0.42

Source of variation	DF			Mean Square
Source of variation	DF	gs	E	Ci	A	WUEi	CEi
Irrigation intervals (INT)	4	0.0018^*	0.67^*	2828.75^*	12.94^{^**}	0.71^ns ns not significant.	0.0005^{^**}
Species (SPC)	1	0.0002^ns ns not significant.	0.21^ns ns not significant.	7590.02^{^**}	58.12^{^**}	11.47^{^**}	0.0034^{^**}
INT × SPC	4	0.0002^ns ns not significant.	0.12^ns ns not significant.	2152.40^ns ns not significant.	11.79^{^**}	2.19^ns ns not significant.	0.0005^{^**}
Blocks	3	0.0016^ns ns not significant.	0.63^ns ns not significant.	1404.42^ns ns not significant.	4.77^ns ns not significant.	1.56^ns ns not significant.	0.0001^ns ns not significant.
Residual	27	0.0005	0.23	1045.90	2.85	0.81	0.0001
CV (%)		31.06	27.12	16.12	23.73	21.89	29.05
Species S. tuberosa		0.075 a¹ 1 Equal uppercase letters indicate no significant difference between Spondias species (Tukey, p≤0.05).	1.69 a	214.40 a	5.91 b	3.59 b	0.027 b
S. mombin		0.080 a	1.84 a	186.85 b	8.32 a	4.56 a	0.046 a

Source of variation			Mean Square
Source of variation	DF	F₀	Fm	Fv	Fv/Fm
Irrigation intervals (INT)	4	10781.83^{^**}	11632.47^ns ns not significant.	2785.08^ns ns not significant.	0.0004^{^**}
Species (SPC)	1	207792.22^{^**}	1583244.10^{^**}	670033.22^{^**}	0.0023^{^**}
INT× SPC	4	1513.03^ns ns not significant.	24434.85^ns ns not significant.	20065.53^ns ns not significant.	0.0001^ns ns not significant.
Blocks	3	1335.09^ns ns not significant.	36828.86^ns ns not significant.	20704.55^ns ns not significant.	0.0003^ns ns not significant.
Residual	27	2227.18	18464.31	12499.50	0.0001
CV (%)		6.28	3.90	4.09	1.37
Species S. tuberosa		824.10 a¹ 1 Equal uppercase letters indicate no significant difference between Spondias species (Tukey, p≤0.05).	3682.75 a	2863.70 a	0.7771 b
S. mombin		679.95 b	3284.85 b	2604.85 b	0.7925 a

Source of variation	DF			Mean Square
Source of variation	DF	NL	PH	SD	RWC	WC
Irrigation intervals (INT)	4	4.70^ns ns not significant.	149.26^ns ns not significant.	4.49^{^**}	398.81^ns ns not significant.	76.43^{^**}
Species (SPC)	1	1550.02^{^**}	375.15^ns ns not significant.	30.99^*	2184.04^{^**}	107792.22^{^**}
INT × SPC	4	12.44^ns ns not significant.	448.32^*	7.14^{^**}	420.58^ns ns not significant.	76.43^{^**}
Blocks	3	7.07^ns ns not significant.	626.77^ns ns not significant.	2.36^ns ns not significant.	485.18^ns ns not significant.	227792.22^ns ns not significant.
Residual	27	8.68	144.84	1.32	204.67	17.89
CV (%)		12.77	20.42	12.59	16.96	27.85
Species S. tuberosa		16.85 b¹ 1 Equal uppercase letters indicate no significant difference between Spondias species (Tukey, p≤0.05).	55.87 a	10.02 a	91.73 a	16.54 a
S. mombin		29.30 a	62.00 a	8.26 b	76.95 b	13.83 b

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.