Histo-anatomical pattern, degradability and secondary compounds in different accessions of maniçoba (<i>Manihot</i> spp.) and different stages of maturation

Silva, Kleitiane B. da; Silva, Divan S. da; Rêgo, Mailson M. do; Andrade, Alberício P. de; Bezerra, Janieire D. C. de

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n422rc

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Zootechnics • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n422rc copy

Histo-anatomical pattern, degradability and secondary compounds in different accessions of maniçoba (Manihot spp.) and different stages of maturation

Padrão histo-anatômico, degradabilidade e compostos secundários em diferentes acessoes de maniçoba (Manihot spp.) e diferentes estágios de maturação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this work were to characterize the histo-anatomical pattern and degradability and to determine the secondary compounds of maniçoba in the different accessions and maturation stages (young, mature and senescent). For the research, three accessions were selected (AC002, AC004 and AC038) from the municipalities of Barra de Santa Rosa, Monteiro and Boa Vista, respectively, which showed distinct genetic characteristics, such as morphological and agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and hydrocyanic acid content. The leaf blades showed a cuticle that covers the entire epidermis, with papillose cells in the abaxial region and in a tabular shape in the adaxial region. The cells on the abaxial side are thinner than on the adaxial side. In the phytochemical screening of maniçoba leaves, the presence of steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins was observed. The leaves of maniçoba (Manihot ssp.) showed absence of alkaloids in all stages and accessions evaluated. All accessions evaluated showed positivity for the presence of steroids, with superiority in accession 04 in all stages, while for the other accessions it decreased with the maturation of the plant, especially in accession 02. The presence and concentration of secondary metabolites vary between accessions and maturation stages.

Keywords
Leaf anatomy; Secondary metabolites; Saponins

					Petiole
Source of variation	ES	ESR	EI	EIR	FL	FLR	XI	ESC	COL	MESO	COLR
Genotype (G)	0.335	0.490	0.420	0.720	0.0129	0.210	0.163	0.105	0.581	0.660	0.379
Stage (S)	0.000	0.140	0.0008	0.630	0.097	0.006	0.002	0.081	0.007	0.001	0.0005
G x S	0.980	0.610	0.260	0.190	0.195	0.720	0.219	0.527	0.890	0.623	0.534
C.V. (%)	14.09	11.35	52.59	34.7	29.84	55.03	15.27	21.17	28.03	8.67	25.93
					Genotyp	e
AC002	2.92	8.61	2.43	7.12	0.38 b	0.11	9.36	2.55	0.50	51.44	1.59
AC004	2.67	8.11	3.14	8.03	0.39 b	0.17	8.1	3.01	0.56	51.44	1.82
AC038	2.91	8.54	2.33	7.25	0.57 a	0.14	8.86	3.19	0.57	53.20	1.88
					Stage
Young	4.20 a	7.92	4.28 a	8.15	0.52	0.10 b	8.29 b	2.68	0.65 a	55.98 a	1.22 b
Mature	2.77 b	8.51	2.36 b	7.07	0.38	0.10 b	7.76 b	2.76	0.57 ab	53.58 a	1.79 a
Senescent	1.54 c	8.85	1.26 b	7.17	0.44	0.22 a	10.26 a	3.32	0.40 b	46.71 b	2.28 a
					Leaf
Source of variation	MER	EPP	EPPR	FLP	FLPR	XIP	ESCP	COP	COPR	MEP	MEPR
Genotype (G)	0.121	0.297	0.984	0.81	0.001	0.000	0.47	0.007	0.35	0.324	0.211
Stage (S)	0.000	0.000	0.0009	0.102	0.000	0.022	0.028	0.000	0.795	0.000	0.000
G x S	0.537	0.037	0.031	0.003	0.22	0.000	0.268	0.031	0.622	0.0002	0.786
C.V. (%)	8.73	25.39	19.35	13.63	18.29	7.74	25.59	22.15	35.35	4.54	14.66
					Genotyp	e
AC002	11.64	0.21	0.89	9.89	2.83 a	8.91 b	3.89	0.83 b	3.08	57.68	11.75
AC004	11.91	0.24	0.89	10.12	2.99 a	10.35 a	4.18	1.13 a	2.52	56.39	10.46
AC038	10.91	0.21	0.88	10.31	2.06 b	8.53 b	3.6	1.20 a	3.22	58.25	11.67
					Stage
Young	4.93 c	0.32 a	0.75 b	10.04	1.27 c	8.80 b	3.20 b	1.66 a	2.88	66.10 a	4.53 c
Mature	11.59 b	0.21 b	0.82 b	9.40	2.31 b	9.16 ab	3.88 ab	0.98 b	2.81	58.37 b	11.76 b
Senescent	17.94 a	0.12 c	1.10 a	10.88	4.31 a	9.830 a	4.59 a	0.52 c	3.13	47.85 c	17.59 a

Maturation Stages	Alkaloids				Steroids (Liebermann- Burchard)	Tannin	Flavonoids		Saponin
Maturation Stages	A	B	C	D	Steroids (Liebermann- Burchard)	Gelatin FeCl3 0.5% 2%	phytamagnesium (Shinoda)	Fluorescence (Taubouk)	Foam
Accession 02
Young	-	-	-	-	+++	++ +++	++	+++	+
Mature	-	-	-	-	++	++ +++	++	+++	+
Senescent	-	-	-	-	++	++ +++	++	++	++
Accession 04
Young	-	-	-	-	+++	++ +++	++	+++	+++
Mature	-	-	-	-	+++	+ ++	+++	+++	++
Senescent	-	-	-	-	+++	+ ++	++	++	-
Accession 38
Young	-	-	-	-	+++	++ ++	++	+++	++
Mature	-	-	-	-	+++	+ ++	+++	+++	++
Senescent	-	-	-	-	++	+ ++	++	++	+

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.