HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DRIPPERS APPLYING SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE DILUTED IN WATER

Vale, Hudson Salatiel Marques; Costa, Danniely de Oliveira; Batista, Rafael Oliveira; Coelho, Daniela da Costa Leite; Feitosa, Alex Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n422rc

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ENGENHARIA AGRÍCOLA • Rev. Caatinga 31 (04) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n422rc copy

HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DRIPPERS APPLYING SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE DILUTED IN WATER¹ 1 Paper Extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.

DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO DE GOTEJADORES APLICANDO PERCOLADO DE ATERRO SANITÁRIO DILUÍDO EM ÁGUA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Drip irrigation with diluted sanitary landfill leachate favors the development of grasses on the landfill surface, however, the clogging of emitters of the irrigation systems is the major obstacle for this practice. The objective of this study was to select empirical models of the Christiansen's uniformity coefficient, distribution uniformity coefficient, and statistical uniformity coefficient of drip irrigation sets applying sanitary landfill leachate diluted in water as a function of time of operation, and quality of the effluent. An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates, using a split-split plot arrangement, with operating pressures (70, 140, 210, and 280 kPa) in the plots, types of drippers (G1, 1.65 L h^-1; G2, 2.0 L h^-1; and G3, 4.0 L h^-1) in the subplots, and operating time of the drip irrigation sets (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 hours) in the sub-subplots. Data regarding hydraulic performance and effluent quality were acquired every 20 hours during 160 hours of operation and subjected to simple and multiple regression analyses. The G3 dripper operating at pressures of 70 and 140 kPa were the combinations that best attenuated biofilm clogging. The linear regression and square root were the models that best represented the reduction in the uniformity of the effluent application as a function of the operating time of the drip irrigation sets. The linear correlations denoted that calcium contents and total coliform population rates were the characteristics of the sanitary landfill leachate that most affected the drip clogging process.

Keywords:
Urban solid waste; Leachate; Emitters; Clogging

Drippers	Pressure-compensating*	Flow* (L h-1)	Filtering area (mm²)	Labyrinth length (mm)	Pressure^* (kPa)	Dripper spacing (m)^*
G1 - Plastro Hydrodrip Super	No	1.65	4.0^**	37^**	60 - 150	0.30
G2 - Netafim Tiran	No	2.00	70.0^*	75^*	100 - 300	0.40
G3 - Netafim PCJ-CNJ	Yes	4.00	2.0^*	35^*	50 - 400	0.70

Characteristic	Operating time (hours)
	0	20	40	60	80	100	120	140	160
pH	9.30	9.20	8.96	8.76	9.15	8.79	8.85	8.98	9.43
Electric conductivity (dS m^-1)	3.95	3.98	3.51	3.93	3.21	3.71	3.45	4.40	4.06
Suspended solids (mg L^-1)	228	282	408	514	537	576	496	556	571
Dissolved solids (mg L^-1)	2963	2985	2633	2948	2408	2783	2588	3608	3329
Fe (mg L^-1)	3.09	3.60	2.25	1.81	1.35	1.13	1.09	1.96	1.86
Mn (mg L^-1)	0.12	0.10	0.07	0.08	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.05	0.06
Ca²⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	8.50	7.00	4.80	6.17	8.50	6.60	6.60	9.10	11.90
Mg²⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	5.60	9.80	9.80	9.63	8.40	6.90	4.40	4.50	13.90
Total coliforms (MPN 100 mL^-1)	23	9.2	23	23	3	240	23	1100	1100

Source of Variation	Degrees of Freedom		Mean square
		CUC	DUC	SUC
Pressures (P)	3	14.80^*	84.31^ns	29.31^*
Residue (a)	6	4.30	45.61	8.48
Type of drippers (G)	2	89.74^**	578.71^**	226.00^**
GxP	6	15.36*	84.10^ns	28.07^ns
Residue (b)	16	7.15	52.58	16.08
Operating time (T)	8	32.86**	167.58^**	66.59^**
TxP	24	1.71ns	9.37^ns	3.27^ns
TxG	16	6.58^**	33.55^**	12.93^**
TxPxG	48	2.55^ns	13.88^ns	5.27^ns
Residue (c)	194
CV plot (%)		2.14	7.19	3.05
CV subplot (%)		2.76	7.72	4.20
CV sub-subplot (%)		1.45	3.67	2.32
Mean (%)		96.83	93.95	95.61

Combination	Specification	Regression equation	R²
CUC
1	G1xP1	$\hat{C U C} = 97.99 - 0.027 * * T$	0.81
2	G2xP1	$\hat{C U C} = 97.66 - 0.030 * * T$	0.71
3	G3xP1	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 98.29$	-
4	G1xP2	$\hat{C U C} = 98.25 + 0.42 * T^{0.5} - 0.061 * * T$	0.92
5	G2xP2	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.69$	-
6	G3xP2	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.79$	-
7	G1xP3	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 96.24$	-
8	G2xP3	$\hat{C U C} = 96.370 + 0.69 * * T^{0.5} - 0.064 * * T$	0.88
9	G3xP3	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.63$	-
10	G1xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 96.59$	-
11	G2xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 95.23$	-
12	G3xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.82$	-
DUC
1	G1xP1	$\hat{D U C} = 97.81 - 0.063 * * T$	0.89
2	G2xP1	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 89.71$	-
3	G3xP1	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 97.35$	-
4	G1xP2	$\hat{D U C} = 99.68 - 0.078 * * T$	0.87
5	G2xP2	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 95.61$	-
6	G3xP2	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.33$	-
7	G1xP3	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.49$	-
8	G2xP3	$\hat{D U C} = 92.03 + 1.69 * T^{0.5} - 0.15 * * T$	0.89
9	G3xP3	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.32$	-
10	G1xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 97.03$	-
11	G2xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 89.54$	-
12	G3xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.21$	-
SUC
1	G1xP1	$\hat{S U C} = 97.12 - 0.036 * * T$	0.75
2	G2xP1	$\hat{S U C} = 96.64 - 0.042 * * T$	0.70
3	G3xP1	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.85$	-
4	G1xP2	$\hat{S U C} = 98.99 - 0.045 * * T$	0.82
5	G2xP2	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 96.64$	-
6	G3xP2	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.17$	-
7	G1xP3	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 94.99$	-
8	G2xP3	$\hat{S U C} = 94.75 + 0.97 * T^{0.5} - 0.091 * * T$	0.82
9	G3xP3	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 96.95$
10	G1xP4	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 95.13$	-
11	G2xP4	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 93.24$
12	G3xP4	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.14$	-

Combination	Specification	Regression equation	R²
CUC
1	G1xP1	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 95.67$	-
2	G2xP1	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 95.22$	-
3	G3xP1	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 98.33$	-
4	G1xP2	$\hat{C U C} = 101.66 - 0.31 * * * {C a}^{2 +} - 1.51 * * T C$	0.81
5	G2xP2	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.78$	-
6	G3xP2	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.89$	-
7	G1xP3	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 96.11$	-
8	G2xP3	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 96.79$	-
9	G3xP3	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.67$	-
10	G1xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 96.67$	-
11	G2xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 95.11$	-
12	G3xP4	$\hat{C U C} = \bar{C U C} = 97.78$	-
DUC
1	G1xP1	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 92.67$	-
2	G2xP1	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 89.78$	-
3	G3xP1	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 97.44$	-
4	G1xP2	$\hat{D U C} = 100.61 - 4.20 * * T C$	0.67
5	G2xP2	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 95.44$	-
6	G3xP2	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.33$	-
7	G1xP3	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 93.56$	-
8	G2xP3	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 92.67$	0.68
9	G3xP3	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.44$	-
10	G1xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 93.22$	-
11	G2xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 89.56$	-
12	G3xP4	$\hat{D U C} = \bar{D U C} = 96.22$	-
SUC
1	1	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 94.22$	-
2	2	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 93.33$	-
3	3	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.89$	-
4	4	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 95.22$	-
5	5	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 96.55$	-
6	6	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.11$	-
7	7	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 95.11$	-
8	8	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 95.22$	-
9	9	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.00$	-
10	10	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 95.11$	-
11	11	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 93.22$	-
12	12	$\hat{S U C} = \bar{S U C} = 97.22$	-

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DRIPPERS APPLYING SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE DILUTED IN WATER1 1 Paper Extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.

DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO DE GOTEJADORES APLICANDO PERCOLADO DE ATERRO SANITÁRIO DILUÍDO EM ÁGUA

ABSTRACT

HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DRIPPERS APPLYING SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE DILUTED IN WATER¹ 1 Paper Extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.