Grazing management under integrated crop-livestock system on physical soil attributes and grain yield soybean

Martin, Thomas Newton; Brum, Marcos da Silva; Cunha, Vinícius dos Santos; Schaefer, Paulo Eugênio; Cechin, Joanei; Pizzani, Rodrigo

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370010007

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (1) • Jan-Feb 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370010007 copy

Grazing management under integrated crop-livestock system on physical soil attributes and grain yield soybean¹ 1 This work is part of the second author´s doctoral thesis.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) can help improve the soil physical attributes, increasing the nutrients cycling and yield potential. We evaluated the effect of forage height management under ICLS on physical soil attributes and water infiltration. Field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions. Forage was managed under continuous grazing, grazing up to 30 cm (G30), 20 cm (G20) and 10 cm (G10) of height, and control without grazing. Soil bulk density (SBD), microporosity (MIP), macroporosity (MAP), and total porosity (TP) were measured before and after the grazing at 0-5; 5-10 and 10-20 cm layer depth. Water infiltration rate was evaluated using the concentric rings in eight periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90 e 120 min after beginning of the process). SBD at 0-5 cm layer was not affected by the grazing management, whereas the MIP, MAP, and TP reduced after sheep grazing compared to ungrazed. Water infiltration rate was higher for the G10 management, with greater amount of accumulated infiltrated water. Path analysis showed positive effects of the soil physical attributes under ICLS to the grain yield soybean, allowing the farmers to enhance their profitability.

Keywords
Glycine max (L.) Merril; agricultural production systems; plant management; sheep farming; soil compaction

Depth layer	Soil physical attributes^* * Values obtained before the experiment installation.
Depth layer	SBD (Mg m^-3)	MIP (m³ m^-3)	MAP (m³ m^-3)	TP (m³ m^-3)
0-5 cm	1.45	0.35	0.15	0.50
5-10 cm	1.52	0.29	0.08	0.37
10-20 cm	1.41	0.27	0.08	0.35

Depths	Grazing management^* * G10 = 10 cm of post-grazing residue; G20 = 20 cm of post-grazing residue; G30 = 30 cm of post-grazing residue; and CG = continuous grazing. Same uppercase letters in the column, and, lowercase letters in the line did not differ by Tukey test (p < 0.05).
Depths	G10	G20	G30	Ungrazed	CP
	Soil bulk density (Mg m^-3)
0-5 cm	1.46 a B	1.44 a B	1.38 b B	1.40 b B	1.47 a C
5-10 cm	1.59 a A	1.53 b A	1.47 c A	1.49 c A	1.57 a A
10-20 cm	1.51 a B	1.49 a A	1.48 a A	1.49 a A	1.52 a B
	Microporosity (m³ m^-3)
0-5 cm	0.27 b A	0.27 b A	0.29 a A	0.29 a A	0.26 b A
5-10 cm	0.27 a A	0.27 a A	0.28 a A	0.27 a B	0.25 b B
10-20 cm	0.27 b A	0.27 b A	0.28 b A	0.29 a A	0.28 b A
	Macroporosity (m³ m^-3)
0-5 cm	0.11 b A	0.11 b A	0.11 b A	0.18 a A	0.11 b A
5-10 cm	0.08 b B	0.06 b B	0.12 a A	0.12 a B	0.07 b B
10-20 cm	0.10 a A	0.05 c B	0.08 b B	0.06 c C	0.06 c B
	Total porosity (m³ m^-3)
0-5 cm	0.38 b A	0.38 b A	0.40 b A	0.47 a A	0.37 b A
5-10 cm	0.35 b B	0.33 c B	0.40 a A	0.39 a B	0.32 c C
10-20 cm	0.37 a A	0.32 c B	0.36 a B	0.35 b C	0.34 b B

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[1] *Corresponding author: martin.ufsm@gmail.com

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Grazing management under integrated crop-livestock system on physical soil attributes and grain yield soybean1 1 This work is part of the second author´s doctoral thesis.

ABSTRACT

Grazing management under integrated crop-livestock system on physical soil attributes and grain yield soybean¹ 1 This work is part of the second author´s doctoral thesis.