Soil management of limed areas cultivated with banana identified by magnetic susceptibility

Matos, Alex Pinto de; Matias, Sammy Sidney Rocha; Nunes, Régia Karolyny Lopes; Morais, Estefenson Marques; Tavares Filho, Gilberto Saraiva

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370040004

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Ceres 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370040004 copy

Soil management of limed areas cultivated with banana identified by magnetic susceptibility¹ 1 The article is part of a dissertation presented to the Postgraduate Course in Agrarian Sciences at the Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The geostatistics technique is widely used to identify the variability of soil attributes, although being expensive due to the large number of samples that it requires. In this sense, magnetic susceptibility has been an alternative to assess landscape variation, a fact that can assist in sampling planning. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of magnetic susceptibility in identifying specific soil management zones and its relationship with soil attributes that can assist in the management of correction and fertilization in an area cultivated with banana with limestone application modes. In a banana orchard, 42 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.00 to 0.20 m, with a 30 x 35 m sampling grid. The attributes evaluated were magnetic susceptibility, pH, organic matter, aluminum, H + Al, base saturation and cation exchange capacity, clay, sand, and silt. A descriptive and geostatistical analysis of the data was performed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify which attributes are associated with magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic susceptibility correlates with chemical and granulometric attributes in the Entisols. Magnetic susceptibility proved to be an efficient attribute in identifying specific management zones, assisting in the sampling planning of soils cultivated with banana.

Keywords
limestone; precision agriculture; correlation; geostatistics

Attribute	Mean	Median	DP	CV	Min	Max	Ampl	Cs	Ck	KS
pH (water)	5.45	5.36	0.60	11.08	4.35	7.07	2.72	0.39	-0.34	0.11^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
OM (g kg^-1)	5.00	4.72	2.22	44.51	1.54	11.42	9.87	1.20	1.46	0.21^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
Al³⁺ (cmol dm^-3)	0.09	-	0.14	169.3	0.00	0.40	0.40	1.37	0.31	0.43^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
H + AL (cmol dm^-3)	1.91	1.78	0.83	43.66	0.64	3.85	3.20	0.56	-0.37	0.11^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
CEC (cmol dm^-3)	3.00	2.86	0.81	27.14	1.35	5.19	3.83	0.59	0.41	0.10^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
V%	38.14	37.92	18.69	48.99	8.73	75.74	67.01	0.15	-1.06	0.07^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
Clay (g kg^-1)	82.40	77.38	24.34	29.53	40.91	133.19	92.27	0.21	-0.82	0.10^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
Sand (g kg^-1)	832.90	837.10	70.90	8.51	696.60	954.30	257.70	-0.17	-0.64	0.10^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
Silt (g kg^-1)	84.70	86.57	49.52	58.47	2.33	185.95	183.62	0.10	-0.64	0.06^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).
MS (g kg^-1)	0.04	0.03	0.02	69.42	0.01	0.10	0.08	0.82	-0.77	0.21^* * - Significant at (p < 0.05).

Atribute	C₀	C₁ + C₀	GDE	Reach (m)	Model	R²	CRVC
Atribute	C₀	C₁ + C₀	GDE	Reach (m)	Model	R²	a	b
pH	0.0580	0.3330	17.42	129	Spherical	1.00	-0.57	1.10
OM	0.0100	5.7410	0.17	75	Spherical	0.91	0.57	0.09
Al³⁺	0.0001	0.0334	0.30	125	Spherical	1.00	0.00	0.89
H + Al	0.0500	0.7410	6.75	75	Spherical	0.73	0.16	0.92
CEC	0.1700	3.4300	4.96	105	Spherical	1.00	0.03	1.02
V%	64.0000	427.3000	14.98	155	Spherical	0.85	-0.13	0.99
clay	66.0000	663.7000	9.94	79	Gaussian	1.00	0.21	1.00
sand	590.0000	5872.0000	10.05	95	Gaussian	1.00	-9.48	1.00
silt	117.0000	2603.0000	4.49	99	Gaussian	0.92	-0.32	1.00
MS	0.1000	254.1000	0.04	82	Spherical	0.99	-2.99	1.10

Attributes	MS	pH	Al³⁺	H + Al	CEC	V	OM	Clay	Sand
pH	-0.65^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Al³⁺	0.69^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.78^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
H + Al	0.64^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.64^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
CEC	0.35^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
V%	-0.58^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.81^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.75^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.65^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.16^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
OM	0.34^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.02^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.29^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.63^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.18^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Clay	0.71^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.51^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.54^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.52^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.29^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Sand	-0.78^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.49^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.48^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.28^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.42^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.88^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Silt	0.75^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.48^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.25^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.41^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.80^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.98^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.

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[1] *Corresponding author: alex-pinto-1@hotmail.com

Attributes	MS	pH	Al³⁺	H + Al	CEC	V	OM	Clay	Sand
pH	-0.65^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Al³⁺	0.69^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.78^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
H + Al	0.64^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.64^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
CEC	0.35^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
V%	-0.58^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.81^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.75^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.65^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.16^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
OM	0.34^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.01^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.02^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.29^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.63^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.18^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Clay	0.71^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.51^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.54^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.52^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.29^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Sand	-0.78^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.49^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.53^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.48^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.28^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.42^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.88^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Silt	0.75^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.46^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.48^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.25^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.44^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.41^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	0.80^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.	-0.98^** “” and “*” - Significant at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.

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Soil management of limed areas cultivated with banana identified by magnetic susceptibility1 1 The article is part of a dissertation presented to the Postgraduate Course in Agrarian Sciences at the Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas.

ABSTRACT

Soil management of limed areas cultivated with banana identified by magnetic susceptibility¹ 1 The article is part of a dissertation presented to the Postgraduate Course in Agrarian Sciences at the Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas.