Intervenciones para Fortalecer las Creencias de Autoeficacia General en Estudiantes Universitarios: Revisión Integrativa

Gueroni, Lais Palotta Balderrama; Pompeo, Daniele Alcalá; Eid, Letícia Palota; Ferreira Júnior, Marcos Antonio; Sequeira, Carlos Alberto da Cruz; Lourenção, Luciano Garcia

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0192 copiar

Intervenciones para Fortalecer las Creencias de Autoeficacia General en Estudiantes Universitarios: Revisión Integrativa

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Evaluar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para fortalecer las creencias de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios.

Métodos:

Revisión Integrativa realizada en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus y PsycInfo. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó utilizando herramientas propuestas por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y los resultados se analizaron de forma descriptiva.

Resultados:

De los 10 estudios seleccionados, seis demostraron que las intervenciones para fortalecer la autoeficacia fueron efectivas (niveles de evidencia II y III) y cuatro arrojaron resultados contrarios (niveles de evidencia I y II). Los programas dirigidos al fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia deben incluir contenido sobre salud mental positiva, estrategias de psicoeducación, abarcar un período de ocho a doce semanas y considerar la realización de ejercicios para hacer en casa.

Conclusión:

La síntesis de evidencia señala el camino para la construcción de un programa efectivo de fortalecimiento de las creencias de autoeficacia que debe implementarse en las universidades.

Descriptores
Autoeficacia; Revisión; Promoción de la Salud; Salud del Estudiante; Estudiantes

Study	Objective	Intervention	Strategy/Content Covered	Quality
Brennan et al., 2016(¹⁸18 Brennan J, McGrady A, Lynch DJ, Schaefer P, Whearty K. A stress management program for higher risk medical students: preliminary findings. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2016;41(3):301-05. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-016-9333-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-016-9333-... ) USA	Test a stress control and relaxation program in medical students.	Single group=42 In-person intervention conducted in 8 sessions by a physician and psychologist.	Strategy/Content Covered Psychoeducation on positive mental health. Behavioral strategies: muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, meditation, guided imagery. Homework exercises: yes.	LE: III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)
Guo et al, 2017(¹³13 Guo YF, Zhang X, Plummer V, Lam L, Cross W, Zhang JP. Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students: a randomized, controlled trial. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2017;26(4):375-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255 https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255... ) China	Test a positive psychotherapy program in nursing students.	Intervention group=34 and Control group=42 In-person intervention conducted in subgroups of 10 to 12 participants, with 8 sessions of 1.5 hours per week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation on positive mental health. Homework exercises: yes.	LE: II JBI: 69,2% (MRB)
Terp et al., 2019(¹⁹19 Terp U, Hjärthag F, Bisholt B. Effects of a cognitive behavioral-based stress management program on stress management competency, self-efficacy and self-esteem experienced by nursing students. Nurse Educ. 2019;44(1):E1-E5. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000492 https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.000000000000... ) Sweden	Test a stress management program in nursing students.	Intervention group=117 and Control group=44. In-person intervention conducted in 10 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducation. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 88,8% (LRB)
Brett et al., 2020(²⁰20 Brett C, Wang K, Lowe SR, White MA. Evaluation and durability of a curriculum-based intervention for promoting mental health among graduate students. Am J Health Educ. 2020;51(6):350-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2020.1822240 https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2020.18... ) USA	Test a health promotion program in university students.	Single group=45. Online intervention, with 12 sessions, one access per week, by a psychologist.	Health education/psychoeducation. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)
Ribeiro et al., 2020(²¹21 Ribeiro RM, Bragiola JVB, Eid LP, Ribeiro RCHM, Sequeira CADC, Pompeo DA. Impact of an intervention through Facebook to strengthen Self-esteem in nursing students. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3237. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3215.3237 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3215.3... ) Brazil	Test a self-esteem strengthening program in nursing students.	Single group=74. Online intervention, with 10 sessions of 1 hour and 30 minutes, once a week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation and persuasion. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 55,5% (MRB)
Severian et al., 2021(²²22 Severian P, Melo H, Eid L, Gueroni L, Souza M, Pompeo D. Impact of psychoeducational intervention on nursing students’ perceived self-efficacy. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2021;29(1):e53845. https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.53845 https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.538... ) Brazil	Test a self-efficacy and self-esteem strengthening program in nursing students.	Single group=90. In-person intervention, with 10 sessions of 40 minutes each, once a week, by a nurse.	Psychoeducation and persuasion. Homework exercises: yes.	LE III JBI: 66,6% (MRB)

Study	Objective	Intervention	Strategy/Content Covered	Quality
Li et al., 2018(²³23 Li C, Yin H, Zhao J, Shang B, Hu M, Zhanget P, al. Interventions to promote mental health in nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(12):2727-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13808 https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13808... ) China	Review the literature on mental health promotion interventions in nursing students.	Different proposals, with varying durations and formats, conducted by a healthcare team.	Psychotherapies and behavioral strategies (mindfulness, music therapy, and physical exercises), psychoeducation (stress reduction and positive mental health).	LE: I JBI: 90,9% (LRB)
Recabarren et al., 2019(²⁴24 Recabarren RE, Gaillard C, Guillod M, Martin-Soelch C. Short-Term effects of a multidimensional stress prevention program on quality of life, well-being and psychological resources: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatr. 2019;10:88. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00088 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00088... ) Sweden	Test a stress management program in university students.	Intervention group=31 and Control group=32. In-person intervention conducted in groups of 8 students, with 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral strategies (mindfulness and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	LE: II JBI: 69,2% (MRB)
Farrer et al., 2019(²⁵25 Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Katruss N, Fassnacht DB, Kyrios M, Batterham PJ. A novel multi-component online intervention to improve the mental health of university students: randomised controlled trial of the Uni Virtual Clinic. Internet Interv. 2019;18:100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.10... ) Australia	Test a mental health promotion program in university students	Intervention group=102 and Control group=98. Online intervention, over a period of 6 weeks, led by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, behavioral strategies (mindfulness, mindfulness, and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	NE: II JBI: 76,9% (LRB)
Yang et al., 2020(²⁶26 Yang XH, Yu HJ, Liu MW, Zhang J, Tang BW, Yuan S, et al. The impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors and mental health among Chinese college students. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(6):587-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1583659 https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.15... ) China	. Test a program to improve health behaviors in university students.	Intervention group=263 and Control group=269. In-person intervention, conducted in 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a health instructor.	Health education (nutrition, sleep, physical exercises, stress reduction, and internet addiction prevention).	LE: II JBI: 61,5% (LRB)

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[1] Corresponding author: Daniele Alcalá Pompeo, E-mail: daniele.pompeo@famerp.br