Factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital

Lima, Sheila Janaína Oliveira Araújo; Santos, Danielle Christine Moura dos; Santos, Maria de Fátima de Souza; Silva, Felicialle Pereira da; Silva, Darine Marie Rodrigues da; Aquino, Jael Maria de

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0075

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 76 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0075 linkcopy

Factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital

Factoresasociados a síntomas psicopatológicos en enfermeros de un hospital universitario

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital.

Methods: a cross-sectional study developed at a university hospital in Pernambuco, in which 90 nurses participated. A questionnaire with social and professional characteristics and the Symptom Assessment Scale were used.

Results: an association was found between the variable changing profession and the presence of characteristic symptoms of psychoticism, somatization and anxiety among nurses.

Conclusions: the emergence of psychopathological symptoms has influenced nurses’ desire to search for another profession. This evidence reinforces the need for greater investments in better working conditions and welcoming actions in the work environment, in order to provide a better quality of professional life and promote the health of these workers.

Descriptors:
Mental Health; Nursing; Occupational Health; Quality of Life; Psychopathology

How worried you are		Not atall	A little bit	Quite a bit
Dimensions	Variables	Population distribution n (%)
Psychocytism	1- Weakness or dizziness	41 (45.5)	42 (46.7)	7 (7.8)
	2- Pains in heart or chest	62 (68.9)	19 (21.1)	9 (10.0)
	3- Feeling afraid in open spaces or on the streets	66 (73.3)	18 (20.0)	6 (6.7)
	4- Thoughts of ending your life^*	81 (90.0)	3 (3.3)	5 (5.5)
	5- Suddenly scared for no reason	61 (67.8)	24 (26.7)	5 (5.5)
	6- Feeling afraid to go out of the house alone	74 (82.2)	12 (13.3)	4 (4.4)
	7- Pains in lower back	15 (16.7)	39 (43.3)	36 (40.0)
	8- Feelings of worthlessness	56 (62.2)	25 (27.7)	9 (10.0)
	9- Feeling fearful	46 (51.1)	36 (40.0)	8 (8.9)
	10- Nausea or upset stomach	47 (52.2)	36 (40.0)	7 (7.8)
Obsessiveness/compulsiveness	11-Soreness of your muscles	19 (21.1)	40 (44.4)	31 (34.4)
	12-Feeling that you are watched or talked about by others^*	64 (71.1)	23 (25.5)	2 (2.2)
	13-Having to check and double-check what you do	45 (50.0)	32 (35.5)	13 (14.4)
	14-Feeling afraid to travel on buses, subways, trains	71 (78.9)	13 (14.4)	6 (6.7)
	15-Trouble getting your breath	61 (67.8)	20 (22.2)	9 (10.0)
	16-Hot or cold spells	66 (73.3)	17 (18.9)	7 (7.8)
	17-Having to avoid certain things, places, or activities because they frighten you	61 (67.8)	19 (21.1)	10 (11.1)
	18-Your mind going blank	22 (24.4)	48 (53.3)	20 (22.2)
	19-Numbness or tingling in parts of your body	45 (50.0)	28 (31.1)	17 (18.9)
	20-Feeling hopeless about the future	48 (53.3)	32 (35.5)	10 (11.1)
Somatization	21-Trouble concentrating	23 (25.5)	53 (58.9)	14 (15.5)
	22-Feeling weak in parts of your body	48 (53.3)	35 (38.9)	7 (7.8)
	23-Feeling tense or keyed up	27 (30.0)	48 (53.3)	15 (16.7)
	24-Heavy feelings in your arms or legs	43 (47.8)	38 (42.2)	9 (10.0)
	25-Feeling uneasy when people are watching or talking about you	46 (51.1)	35 (38.9)	9 (10.0)
	26-Having to repeat the same actions such as touching, counting, washing	68 (75.5)	18 (20.0)	4 (4.4)
	27-Having urges to break or smash things	77 (85.5)	11 (12.2)	2 (2.2)
	28-Feeling shy or uneasy with the opposite sex	57 (63.3)	26 (28.9)	7 (7.8)
	29-Feeling uneasy in crowds, such as shopping or at a movie	69 (76.7)	17 (18.9)	4 (4.4)
	30-Feeling everything is an effort	64 (71.1)	22 (24.4)	4 (4.4)
Anxiety	31-Spells of terror or panic	74 (82.2)	11 (12.2)	5 (5.5)
	32-Getting into frequent arguments	64 (71.1)	23 (25.5)	3 (3.3)
	33-Feeling nervous when you are left alone^*	78 (86.7)	10 (11.1)	1 (1.1)
	34-Feeling lonely even when you are with people	66 (73.3)	22 (24.4)	2 (2.2)
	35-Feeling so restless you couldn’t sit still	65 (72.2)	19 (21.1)	5 (5.5)
	36-Shouting or throwing things	83 (92.2)	5 (5.5)	2 (2.2)
	37-Feeling afraid you will faint in public	79 (87.8)	11 (12.2)	0
	38-Never feeling close to another person	79 (87.8)	8 (8.9)	3 (3.3)
	39-Feelings of guilt	56 (62.2)	28 (31.1)	6 (6.7)
	40-The idea of something is wrong with your mind	60 (66.7)	25 (27.8)	5 (5.5)

Variables	Mean ± SD	Median (Q1; Q3)	Minimum - Maximum
Age	47.22 ± 8.99	47.00 (41.00;53.00)	32.00 - 67.00
Score (General index)	0.46±0.33	0.36 (0.20;0.63)	0.00 - 1.43
EAS-1 Psychoticism	0.50±0.38	0.40 (0.20;0.70)	0.00 - 1.60
EAS-2 Obsessiveness/compulsiveness	0.58±0.41	0.50 (0.30;0.80)	0.00 - 1.90
EAS-3 Somatization	0.50±0.37	0.40 (0.20;0.73)	0.00 - 1.60
EAS-4 Anxiety	0.25±0.30	0.20 (0.00;0.40)	0.00 - 1.40

Variables	EAS Score (General index)	EAS Psychoticism	EAS Obsessiveness/compulsiveness	EAS Somatization	EAS Anxiety
Variables	Mean ± SD	Median (Q1; Q3)	Median (Q1; Q3)	Median (Q1; Q3)	Median (Q1; Q3)
Workload/week (h)
30- 40 hours	0.45 ± 0.33	0.30 (0.10; 0.60)	0.50 (0.30; 0.90)	0.50 (0.20; 0.70)	0.10 (0.00; 0.50)
>40-60 hours	0.49 ± 0.45	0.45 (0.30; 0.80)	0.50 (0.20; 0.80)	0.40 (0.20; 0.80)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
> 60 hours	0.39 ± 0.35	0.50 (0.10; 0.85)	0.50 (0.25; 0.85)	0.20 (0.15; 0.60)	0.10 (0.00; 0.50)
p value	0.612 ^* * ANOVA;	0.259 ^ Kruskal-Wallis;	0.986 ^ Kruskal-Wallis;	0.258 ^ Kruskal-Wallis;	0.821 ^ Kruskal-Wallis;
Changing profession
Yes	0.59± 0.55	0.70 (0.30; 1.00)	0.60 (0.40; 0.90)	0.60 (0.40; 0.90)	0.30 (0.10; 0.60)
No	0.41± 0.33	0.40 (0.10; 0.60)	0.50 (0.20; 0.80)	0.40 (0.20; 0.60)	0.10 (0.00; 0.30)
p value	0.008 ^A A Student’s t;	0.006 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.129 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.032 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.049 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.
Relationships
1	0.41± 0.40	0.30 (0.10; 0.63)	0.50 (0.28; 0.93)	0.50 (0.20; 0.73)	0.10 (0.00; 0.43)
2 or more	0.47± 0.36	0.40 (0.23; 0.78)	0.50 (0.30; 0.80)	0.40 (0.20; 0.78)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
p value	0.533^A A Student’s t;	0.145 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.907 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.851 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.844 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.
Activity
Direct care	0.44± 0.35	0.40 (0.18; 0.70)	0.50 (0.20; 0.80)	0.40 (0.20; 0.70)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
Indirect care	0.48± 0.39	0.40 (0.20; 0.70)	0.40 (0.30; 0.88)	0.40 (0.23; 0.80)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
p value	0.561 ^A A Student’s t;	0.734 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.646 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.422 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.976 ^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.
Medication use
Yes	0.45±0.38	0.40 (0.20; 0.70)	0.50 (0.30; 0.90)	0.40 (0.20; 0.80)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
No	0.47±0.35	0.40 (0.20; 0.80)	0.50 (0.20; 0.80)	0.40 (0.30; 0.60)	0.20 (0.00; 0.40)
p value	0.859^A A Student’s t;	0.811^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.517^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.487^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.	0.797^B B Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.

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[TFN1] ^*
ANOVA;

[TFN2] ^**
Kruskal-Wallis;

[TFN3] ^A
Student’s t;

[TFN4] ^B
Mann-Whitney; SD - standard deviation; EAS - Symptom Assessment Scale.