Lucros e votos: os empresários e o governo na política habitacional brasileira

DIAS, EDNEY CIELICI

doi:10.1590/0101-31572015v35n04a05

RESUMO

A política habitacional retomou seu relevo no país com a ascensão do PT ao governo federal, após mais de 20 anos de baixa produção de moradias. Este artigo mostra - por meio da análise de documentos, entrevistas e pesquisa de opinião com empresários - que o impulso dessa política pública está inserido no projeto eleitoral petista, baseado no crescimento econômico e na expansão de programas sociais. Verificou-se a confluência de interesses entre o governo Lula (2003-2010) e o empresariado da construção civil - este, interessado em ampliar seus negócios, e aquele, em ampliar a oferta de emprego e o nível de atividade da economia. O ápice desse processo se dá com o lançamento do maior programa de habitação social implantado no país, o Minha Casa, Minha Vida, no qual as construtoras têm papel central na elaboração, viabilização e execução de projetos de moradia social.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
política habitacional; interesses empresariais; definição de agenda; governo Lula

[TFN1] Source: Produced by the author, based on interviews with the private sector and participants of the process within the Treasury, Ministry of Cities and the Caixa Economica Federal.

Brasil

Brasil

Lucros e votos: os empresários e o governo na política habitacional brasileira

RESUMO

Conditioning political factors
The international financial crisis might compromise the development of a federal government project of a social-democratic nature.
This would put at risk the 2010 elections, involving the election of a president, and governors, renewal of the Chamber and to two thirds of the Senate.
The government, because of its social-democratic nature, was prone, in true Keynesian fashion, to a more interventionist stance in economic affairs.
The government had the power to approve in Congress a high-cost program, such as housing subsidies.
Government preference for the policy
The government had a preference for a policy of expenditure with an economic impact of a social nature, out of which housing grew.
The urbanization of the slums as part of the PAC program was a slow process - for an anticyclical policy swift implementation was of the essence, which FAR would make possible.
The construction of new housing units complemented the activities of the PAC and was target of demands for civil construction by social movements.
Conditioning economic factors
Residential construction generates a high number of jobs.
It has a high multiplying effect on the remaining areas of the economy.
A housing construction policy has an effect on the entire country.
It is essentially a domestic policy with national input.
There was strong demand for housing at all social levels.
Building companies could rapidly increase the housing supply.
Credit was made available and families were only slightly indebted.