Padrões de inserção externa nas cadeias globais de valor: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e China

Araújo, Caroline Giusti de; Diegues, Antonio Carlos

doi:10.1590/0101-31572022-3161

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Brazilian Journal of Political Economy

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Sumário

Articles • Brazil. J. Polit. Econ. 42 (1) • Jan-Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3161 copiar

Padrões de inserção externa nas cadeias globais de valor: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e China

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A literatura do comércio internacional tem mostrado os benefícios da fragmentação internacional da produção aos países em desenvolvimento. No entanto, há ponderações advindas da hierarquização e comando nas cadeias globais de valor. Nessa perspectiva, esse trabalho objetiva avaliar a inserção internacional brasileira e chinesa propondo um indicador de sofisticação tecnológica nas exportações (q_tech) por intensidade tecnológica para o período 2005-2015. Os resultados apontam que o acoplamento às cadeias globais de valor e a sofisticação tecnológica têm sido direcionados a agrupamentos tecnológicos que o Brasil possui vantagens comparativas reveladas estáticas enquanto a China caminha para agrupamentos tecnológicos com vantagens comparativas dinâmicas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Cadeias globais de valor; inserção internacional; Brasil; China

		2005		2010		2015
		Brazil	China	Brazil	China	Brazil	China
Forward participation proxy	L	2.63%	1.55%	0.49%	1.69%	0.30%	1.90%
	ML	4.76%	2.88%	0.92%	2.90%	0.54%	3.28%
	M	3.51%	1.67%	0.86%	1.73%	0.37%	1.93%
	MH	4.89%	4.18%	0.97%	4.48%	0.51%	5.41%
	H	2.42%	5.18%	0.50%	5.07%	0.26%	4.62%
	T	18.23%	15.45%	3.74%	15.86%	1.98%	17.15%
Backwards participation proxy	L	1.33%	1.13%	0.24%	0.65%	0.29%	0.63%
	ML	3.49%	4.69%	0.62%	3.25%	0.47%	2.62%
	M	1.77%	3.17%	0.22%	2.77%	0.19%	2.41%
	MH	2.25%	4.71%	0.29%	4.84%	0.24%	4.02%
	H	1.24%	12.66%	0.13%	9.62%	0.08%	7.69%
	T	10.08%	26.36%	1.51%	21.12%	1.27%	17.37%
Participation in global value chains	L	3.96%	2.68%	0.73%	2.33%	0.59%	2.53%
	ML	8.25%	7.57%	1.54%	6.15%	1.01%	5.90%
	M	5.28%	4.84%	1.08%	4.49%	0.56%	4.34%
	MH	7.15%	8.89%	1.27%	9.33%	0.75%	9.44%
	H	3.67%	17.84%	0.62%	14.68%	0.34%	12.31%
	T	28.31%	41.81%	5.25%	36.98%	3.25%	34.51%
Comparative advantage	L	0.80	0.41	0.96	0.37	1.25	038
	ML	1.42	1.08	1.57	0.87	1.42	0.93
	M	1.37	1.58	0.97	1.54	1.09	1.73
	MH	0.90	0.97	0.69	1.27	0.56	1.18
	H	0.52	1.80	0.33	1.91	0.28	1.69
Breakdown of gross exports	L	23.39%	10.36%	27.08%	9.19%	35.91%	10.16%
	ML	37.92%	26.28%	45.02%	23.03%	36.52%	22.39%
	M	13.43%	14.12%	9.81%	14.34%	11.15%	16.27%
	MH	17.35%	17.84%	13.00%	22.62%	12.01%	23.29%
	H	7.90%	31.40%	5.09%	30.81%	4.41%	27.89%
Domestic value added in exports compared to gross exports	L	21.87%	9.23%	25.51%	8.55%	32.93%	9.53%
	ML	33.94%	21.59%	40.89%	19.78%	31.66%	19.77%
	M	11.40%	10.96%	8.32%	11.57%	9.22%	13.86%
	MH	14.78%	13.13%	11.05%	17.78%	9.58%	19.27%
	H	6.48%	18.74%	4.25%	21.20%	3.57%	20.20%

	Galindo-Rueda and Verger (2016GALINDO-RUEDA, F.; VERGER, F. (2016) OECD taxonomy of economic activities based on R&D intensity. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, v. 4, p. 24. )		TiVA (2018OECD (2018). Guide to OECD’s Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Indicators, 2018 edition. n. December. )
	Manufacture	Non-manufacture	Manufacture	Non-manufacture
High intensity	21: Pharmaceutical	72: P&D	D20T21: Chemicals and pharmaceutical products
High intensity	26: Computers, electronic and optical products		D26: Computers, electronic and optical products
Medium-high intensity	30: Other transport equipment	58: Publishing activity	D30: Other transport equipment
	29: Motor vehicle, trailer, and semi-trailer	62-63: IT and other information services	D29: Motor vehicle, trailer, and semi-trailer	D62T63: IT and other information services
	28: Machinery and equipment, nec		D28: Machinery and equipment, nec
	20: Chemicals and chemical products
	27: Electrical equipment		D27: Electrical equipment
Medium intensity	22: Rubber and rubber products		D22: Rubber and rubber products
	23: Other non-metallic mineral products		D23: Other non-metallic mineral products
	24: Basic metals		D24: Basic metals
	32: Other manufactures		D31T33: Other manufactures, repair and installation of machinery and equipment
	33: Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
Medium-low intensity	13: Textile	69-75X: Professional, scientific, and technical activities, except scientific R&D (ISIC 69 to 75 except 72)	D13T15: Textile, clothing, leather, and related products
	15: Leather and related products		D13T15: Textile, clothing, leather, and related products
	25: Metal products, except machinery and equipment		D05T09: Mining and quarrying	D25: Metal products
	17: Paper and other paper products		D17T18: Paper products and printing
	10-12: Food products, beverages, and tobacco	61: Telecommunication	D10T12: Food products, beverages, and tobacco	D61: Telecommunication
	14: Clothing	05-09: Mining		D05T09: Mining
	19: Coke and oil refining		D19: Coke and oil refining
	31: Furniture
	16: Wood and wood and cork products		D16: Wood and wood and cork products
	18: Printing and reproduction of recorded media
Low intensity		64-66: Financial and insurance activities		D64T66: Financial and insurance activities
		35-39: Supply of electricity, gas, and water, waste management and remediation		D35T39: Supply of electricity, gas, and water, waste management and remediation
		59-60: Audiovisual and broadcasting activities		D58T60: Editorial, audiovisual, and broadcasting activities
		45-47: Wholesale and retail trade		D45T47: Wholesale and retail trade; motor vehicle repair
		01-03: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing		D01T03: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
		41-43: Civil construction		D41T43: Civil construction
		77-82: Administrative and support services
		90-99: Arts, entertainment, repair of household items, and other services
		49-53: Transport and storage		D49T53: Transport and storage
		55-56: Accommodation and food activities		D55T56: Accommodation and food activities
		68: Real estate activities		D68: Real estate activities

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E-mail: cecilia.heise@bjpe.org.br

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[TFN1] *L = Low; ML = Medium-low; M = Medium; MH = Medium-high; H = High; T = Total