Costs and profitability of Coffea arabica L. (cv. Catuaí IAC 144 and IAPAR 59) for the microregion of Marília, São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract

Coffee is an activity of great economic importance in Brazil and especially for the geographical micro-region of Marilia, in the State of São Paulo. The cultivars studied have relevant agronomic characteristics, due to their low height, tolerance to pests and diseases, high productive potential and excellent beverages quality. The objective of this work was to verify the profitability indexes, referring to the production cost of these cultivars with the same edaphoclimatic and crop management conditions. Agronomic data were obtained from field experiments whose production system effectively represents the reality of the studied micro-region. Effective and total operating costs, annual asset replacement cost (CARP) productivity and average production costs for the period from 2016 to 2021. The data used for the structuring of technical coefficients were collected from the coffee grower. The results showed that both cultivars had practically the same productivity, with a difference of 1.2% in the last season studied. The production cost shows a variation in the importance of each item in the composition of the COE over the period; in the first harvest, the item “machine hours” was of greater relevance. In the 2019 harvest, due to climatic problems, despite being irrigated, there was a lower grain production, inputs were the most expensive. The safety margin demonstrates that the coffee production of the two cultivars did not present a risk of loss in the period from 2016 to 2021, even in the 2019 harvest, when they resulted in the lowest rates, such as - 0.43% for the cultivar Catuaí red IAC 144 and of - 0,27% for IAPAR 59. Profitability was positive in all years studied for cultivars Catuaí red IAC 144 and IAPAR 59. The use of two cultivars is a fundamental technique to minimize or dilute the risks inherent in agricultural production.

Keywords:
coffee growing; cultivars; microeconomics; profitability