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Labor formalization
|
new interpretation that work can be outsourced to a contractor (move worker between many farms avoiding registration) |
“In many times we do not know the farmer, since our relation is with the contractor who moves us after short periods of work in each farm.” |
statement by a rural worker |
| shorter work periods (machine use) made informal work easier |
“Mechanization reduced and broke (fragmented) the need for our work.” |
statement by a rural worker |
| fragmentation of manual activities on temporary hiring with less labor formalization |
“Technology advancements and outsource facilitation are reducing the number of jobs in these activities, which are being filled by temporary working contracts.” |
statement by a union leader |
| “I know about the importance of formalized work (labor card registration), but if this condition is not available, I need to work and provide for my family.” |
statement by a rural worker |
| manual work is available for younger workers |
“Younger workers do not care about labor rights that demand formalization.” |
statement by a union lawyer |
|
Workload and work safety
|
qualified workers faced long work hours during harvest periods |
“In the harvest period, we have to work for long hours, increasing the risk of accidents.” |
statement by a rural worker |
| the reduced work offers have forced unqualified workers to face more degrading tasks |
“We have to accept exhausting and risky work due to the scarcity of job offers.” |
statement by a rural worker |
|
Public inspections
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low degree of monitoring by government agencies, reducing enforcement of the rule of law |
“The Ministry of Labor has very few agents to cover large rural areas.” |
statement by a union leader |
| “The low monitoring capacity of Ministry of Work make harder to enforce the rule of law.” |
statement by a union leader |
| outsource facilitation increases the rotation of workers in different farms, making it harder to inspect irregularities |
“We have different working teams which are rotated among many farms.” |
statement by a rural contractor (gato) |
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Social security
|
shorter labor contracts make it harder to achieve required contribution time to receive pension |
“The new pension requirements of social security reform (180 months or 15 years of contribution) are hard to achieve considering the fragmented labor contracts.” |
statement by a union leader |
| lower income makes it harder to contribute to social security |
“My income is too low in order to make the contributions by myself.” |
autonomous coffee harvest worker |
|
Wage of salaried employees
|
the reduced work offers have forced unqualified workers to accept lower salaries |
“The few options available make us accept lower salaries and have to increase our hours of work to make a living.” |
statement by a rural worker |
| fewer jobs paid according to productivity |
“Remaining manual jobs for smarter workers provide better income paying according to productivity.” |
statement by a rural employers' representative |
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