Factors associated with covid-19 deaths in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2020: a cross-sectional study with “Notifique Aqui” system data

Souza, Ísis Vanessa Silva de; Holanda, Eliane Rolim de; Barros, Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos

doi:10.1590/S2237-96222023000200014

Ísis Vanessa Silva de Souza

Contributed to data acquisition. contributed to the analysis, interpretation of data, writing and critical review of the content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects of the manuscript, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Curso de Enfermagem, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-1462

Eliane Rolim de Holanda

Contributed to the theoretical conception, study design, analyses, interpretation of results, writing and critical review of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects of the manuscript, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Curso de Enfermagem, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-9271

Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos Barros

Contributed to data acquisition. contributed to the analysis, interpretation of data, writing and critical review of the content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects of the manuscript, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Curso de Enfermagem, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-2369

Correspondence
: Eliane Rolim de Holanda.
E-mail
:eliane.rolim@ufpe.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Holanda ER contributed to the theoretical conception, study design, analyses, interpretation of results, writing and critical review of the manuscript. Souza IV contributed to data acquisition. Souza IV and Barros MB contributed to the analysis, interpretation of data, writing and critical review of the content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects of the manuscript, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Associate editor

: Tais Freire Galvão - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4834

Variables	Deaths due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Variables	Yes (%)	No (%)	p-value	PR^d (95%CI^e)	p-value^f
Sex
Male	1,465 (30.6)	3,329 (69.4)	< 0.001^a	1.05 (1.01;1.08)	0.002
Female	1,368 (26.4)	3,816 (73.6)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.002
Race/skin color^c
Mixed race/Black/Asian	1,784 (49.1)	1,853 (50.9)	< 0.001^b	1.38 (0.30;6.23)	0.671
White	922 (62.5)	554 (37.5)		1.50 (0.33:6.75)
Indigenous	1 (16.7)	5 (83.3)		1.00
Child (in completed years: 0-9)
Yes	12 (5.9)	192 (94.1)	< 0.001^a	-	-
No	2,821 (28.9)	6,953 (71.1)	< 0.001^a	-	-
Adolescent (in completed years: 10-19)
Yes	10 (9.5)	95 (90.5)	< 0.001^a	-	-
No	2,823 (28.6)	7,050 (71.4)	< 0.001^a	-	-
Adult or elderly age group (in completed years)^c
Yes	629 (11.4)	4,882 (88.6)	< 0.001^a	0.77 (0.73;0.81)	< 0.001
No	2,182 (52.5)	1,976 (47.5)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Cardiovascular diseases
Yes	1,248 (66.6)	625 (33.4)	< 0.001^a	1.20 (1.17;1.23)	< 0.001
No	1,585 (19.6)	6,520 (80.4)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic respiratory diseases
Yes	203 (60.4)	133 (39.6)	< 0.001^a	1.10 (1.06;1.14)	< 0.001
No	2,630 (27.3)	7,012 (72.7)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Diabetes
Yes	742 (65.9)	384 (34.1)	< 0.001^a	1.07 (1.04;1.10)	< 0.001
No	2,091 (23.6)	6,761 (76.4)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease
Yes	152 (75.6)	49 (24.4)	< 0.001^a	1.05 (1.01;1.10)	0.008
No	2,681 (27.4)	7,096 (72.6)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.008
Immunosuppression
Yes	38 (55.9)	30 (44.1)	< 0.001^a	1.20 (1.10;1.31)	< 0.001
No	2,795 (28.2)	7,115 (71.8)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Cromosomal disorders
Yes	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	0.058^b	1.43 (1.14;1.80)	0.002
No	2,829 (28.4)	7,143 (71.6)	0.058^b	1.00	0.002
Overweight or obesity
Yes	168 (58.5)	119 (41.5)	< 0.001^a	1.14 (1.09;1.19)	< 0.001
No	2,665 (27.5)	7,026 (72.5)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic liver disease
Yes	33 (73.3)	12 (26.7)	< 0.001^a	1.24 (1.14;1.35)	< 0.001
No	2,800 (28.2)	7,133 (71.8)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001

Variables	Deaths due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Variables	Yes (%)	No (%)	p-value	PR^c (95%CI^d)	p-value^e
Fever
Yes	1,679 (27.3)	4,482 (72.7)	0.001^a	0.99 (0.94;1.04)	0.733
No	1,154 (30.2)	2,663 (69.8)	0.001^a	1.00	0.733
Cough
Yes	1,906 (28.1)	4,876 (71.9)	0.352^a	0.97 (0.94;1.00)	0.129
No	927 (29.0)	2,269 (71.0)	0.352^a	1.00	0.129
Dyspnea
Yes	2,041 (39.6)	3,119 (60.4)	< 0.001^a	1.07 (1.03;1.11)	< 0.001
No	792 (16.4)	4,026 (83.6)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Sore throat
Yes	247 (12.7)	1,699 (87.3)	< 0.001^a	0.91 (0.85;0.98)	0.012
No	2,586 (32.2)	5,446 (67.8)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.012
Runny and/or blocked nose
Yes	75 (14.2)	454 (85.8)	< 0.001^a	0.97 (0.87;1.08)	0.604
No	2,758 (29.2)	6,691 (70.8)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.604
Tiredness and/or fatigue
Yes	128 (35.6)	232 (64.4)	0.002^a	1.01 (0.95;1.08)	0.667
No	2,705 (28.1)	6,913 (71.9)	0.002^a	1.00	0.667
Respiratory distress
Yes	462 (45.0)	565 (55.0)	< 0.001^a	1.06 (1.03;1.10)	< 0.001
No	2,371 (26.5)	6,580 (73.5)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Myalgia
Yes	193 (18.3)	860 (81.7)	< 0.001^a	0.94 (0.87;1.01)	0.124
No	2,640 (29.6)	6,285 (70.4)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.124
Anosmia. hyposmia or dysgeusia
Yes	78 (9.4)	751 (90.6)	< 0.001^a	0.87 (0.76;0.98)	0.027
No	2,755 (30.1)	6,394 (69.9)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.027
Headache
Yes	141 (11.6)	1,078 (88.4)	< 0.001^a	0.87 (0.79;0.95)	0.005
No	2,692 (30.7)	6,067 (69.3)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.005
Nausea
Yes	31 (17.3)	148 (82.7)	0.001^a	0.82 (0.65;1.02)	0.086
No	2,802 (28.6)	6,997 (71.4)	0.001^a	1.00	0.086
Vomiting
Yes	139 (31.7)	299 (68.3)	0.113^a	1.07 (1.00;1.16)	0.042
No	2,694 (28.2)	6,846 (71.8)	0.113^a	1.00	0.042
Diarrhea
Yes	231 (24.2)	723 (75.8)	0.003^a	0.96 (0.90;1.02)	0.197
No	2,602 (28.8)	6,422 (71.2)	0.003^a	1.00	0.197
Oxygen saturation < 95%
Yes	1,725 (46.4)	1,990 (53.6)	< 0.001^a	1.08 (1.05;1.12)	< 0.001
No	1,108 (17.7)	5,155 (82.3)	< 0.001^a	1.00	< 0.001
Cyanosis
Yes	12 (52.2)	11 (47.8)	0.011^a	1.04 (0.89;1.20)	0.586
No	2,821 (28.3)	7,134 (71.7)	0.011^a	1.00
Intercostal retractions
Yes	10 (58.8)	7 (41.2)	0.012^b	1.20 (1.06;1.36)		0.004
No	2,823 (28.3)	7,138 (71.7)	0.012^b	1.00		0.004
Edema
Yes	12 (63.2)	7 (36.8)	0.001^a	1.01 (0.90;1.13)	0.779
No	2,821 (28.3)	7,138 (71.7)	0.001^a	1.00	0.779
Patient hospitalized
Yes	2,429 (37.7)	4,015 (62.3)	< 0.001^a	0.95 (0.91;0.99)	0.028
No	404 (11.4)	3,130 (88.6)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.028
Health worker
Yes	34 (2.0)	1,686 (98.0)	< 0.001^a	0.95 (0.80;1.14)	0.634
No	2,799 (33.9)	5,459 (66.1)	< 0.001^a	1.00	0.634

Variables	PR^a (95%CI^b)	p-value^c
Sex
Male	1.05 (1.02;1.08)	0.002
Female	1.00	0.002
Adult or elderly age group (in completed years)
20-59	0.76 (0.73;0.80)	< 0.001
≥ 60	1.00	< 0.001
Cardiovascular diseases
Yes	1.20 (1.17;1.23)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic respiratory diseases
Yes	1.10 (1.06;1.14)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Diabetes
Yes	1.07 (1.05;1.10)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease
Yes	1.06 (1.02;1.10)	0.006
No	1.00	0.006
Immunosuppression
Yes	1.22 (1.12;1.33)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Cromosomal disorders
Yes	1.46 (1.18;1.80)	0.001
No	1.00	0.001
Overweight or obesity
Yes	1.15 (1.10;1.20)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Chronic liver disease
Yes	1.23 (1.13;1.34)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Dyspnea
Yes	1.06 (1.02;1.11)	0.001
No	1.00	0.001
Sore throat
Yes	0.90 (0.85;0.97)	0.004
No	1.00	0.004
Respiratory distress e/ou aperto torácico
Yes	1.06 (1.03;1.10)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001
Anosmia, hyposmia or dysgeusia
Yes	0.85 (0.75;0.96)	0.011
No	1.00	0.011
Headache
Yes	0.85 (0.77;0.93)	0.001
No	1.00	0.001
Oxygen saturation < 95%
Yes	1.08 (1.04;1.12)	< 0.001
No	1.00	< 0.001

[1] Correspondence
: Eliane Rolim de Holanda.
E-mail
:eliane.rolim@ufpe.br

Brasil

Brasil

Factors associated with covid-19 deaths in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2020: a cross-sectional study with “Notifique Aqui” system data

Factores asociados a la muerte por covid-19 en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2020: un estudio transversal con datos del sistema “Notifique Aqui”

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: