Notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudio descriptivo, 2014-2018

Lourenço, Samara da Silveira; Polidoro, Maurício; Pilotto, Luciane Maria; Martins, Aline Blaya

Samara da Silveira Lourenço

concept and design

analysis and interpretation

drafting and reviewing

approved and integrity

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-1706

Maurício Polidoro

concept and design

data interpretation

drafting and reviewing

approved and integrity

Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-0718

Luciane Maria Pilotto

concept and design

analysis and interpretation

reviewing

approved and integrity

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-1616

Aline Blaya Martins

concept and design

data interpretation

drafting and reviewing

approved and integrity

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-068X

Correspondence:
Samara da Silveira Lourenço.
E-mail:
samaralourenco15@gmail.com

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Lourenço SS contributed to the study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of the results, drafting and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. Polidoro M and Martins AB contributed to the study concept and design, data interpretation, drafting the introduction and discussion and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. Pilotto LM contributed to the study design, analysis and interpretation of the results and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. All the authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects thereof, including the guarantee of its accuracy and integrity.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Associate editor

: Tais Freire Galvão - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4834

Figuras (1)
Tablas (5)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Distribution of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents (n = 8,716), by municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-2018

Thumbnail

Study contributions Main results Most notifications related to female pre-adolescents; there was higher prevalence and relative frequency of rape, sexual exploitation and neglect among Black victims; notifications made by hospitals in the state capital were predominant. Implications for services The results of the study show low surveillance of sexual violence by Primary Health Care services in the state, especially in municipalities with higher rates of violence, hindering identification of cases and the problem being addressed. Perspectives Public policies aimed at addressing violence require principles of equity; future studies analyzing intersectionality between race/skin color, gender and social class in sexual violence are important for informing such actions.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Characteristics of victims of sexual violence against children and adolescents notified on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (n = 8,284), by race/skin color, Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-2018

Thumbnail

Table 2
Characteristics of victims of sexual violence against children and adolescents notified on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (n = 8,284), by race/skin color, Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-2018

Thumbnail

Table 3
Characteristics of occurrences of sexual violence against children and adolescents notified on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (n = 8,284), according to victims’ race/skin color, Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-2018

Thumbnail

Box 1
Prevalence of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents, by major municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-2018

Variables	Race/skin color		Total n (%)	p-value^a
	White	Black
	n (%)	n (%)
	6,503 (78.5)	1,781 (21.5)	8,284 (100.0)
Age group (at last birthday)
0-5	1,544 (23.7)	324 (18.2)	1,868 (22.6)	< 0.001
6-9	1,524 (23.4)	359 (20.2)	1,883 (22.7)
10-14	2,390 (36.8)	765 (42.9)	3,155 (38.1)
15-19	1,045 (16.1)	333 (18.7)	1,378 (16.6)
Sex^b
Female	5,372 (82.6)	1,437 (80.7)	6,809 (82.2)	0.060
Male	1,130 (17.4)	344 (19.3)	1,474 (17.8)	0.060
Disability or disorder^c
Yes	558 (9.3)	193 (11.9)	751 (9.9)	0.002
No	5,420 (90.7)	1,425 (88.1)	6,845 (90.1)	0.002

Variables	Race/skin color		Total n (%)	p-value^a
	White	Black
	n (%)	n (%)
Sex^b
Male	5,937 (94.7)	1,611 (93.7)	7,548 (94.5)	0.100
Female	146 (2.3)	41 (2.4)	187 (2.3)
Both sexes^c	184 (3.0)	68 (3.9)	252 (3.2)
Relationship to victim^d
Father/mother	1,077 (17.5)	244 (14.6)	1,321 (16.8)	0.100
Stepfather/stepmother	901 (14.6)	236 (14.1)	1,137 (14.5)
Blood relative	1,117 (18.1)	306 (18.3)	1,423 (18.2)
Non-blood relative	250 (4.1)	66 (4.0)	316 (4.0)
Spouse/partner/ex-spouse/ex-partner	246 (4.0)	72 (4.3)	318 (4.1)
Friend/acquaintance	1,669 (27.0)	478 (28.6)	2,147 (27.4)
School/carer	100 (1.6)	20 (1.2)	120 (1.5)
Stranger	618 (10.0)	190 (11.4)	808 (10.3)
Other	189 (3.1)	59 (3.5)	248 (3.2)
Life cycle^e
Child	110 (2.4)	24 (2.0)	134 (2.3)	0.040
Adolescent	944 (20.3)	277 (22.8)	1,221 (20.8)
Young adult	522 (11.2)	159 (13.0)	681 (11.6)
Adult	2,788 (59.8)	696 (57.2)	3,484 (59.3)
Elderly	294 (6.3)	61 (5.0)	355 (6.0)
Number of people involved^f
1	5,241 (85.4)	1,382 (82.3)	6,623 (84.7)	< 0.001
≥ 2	895 (14.6)	298 (17.7)	1,193 (15.3)	< 0.001

Variables	Race/skin color		Total n (%)	p-value^a
	White	Black
	n (%)	n (%)
Place^b
Home	4,674 (76.9)	1,264 (75.5)	5,938 (76.6)	0.400
School	155 (2.6)	36 (2.2)	191 (2.5)
Public thoroughfare	507 (8.3)	154 (9.2)	661 (8.5)
Other	742 (12.2)	220 (13.1)	962 (12.4)
Recurrence^c
Yes	3,063 (60.1)	853 (60.8)	3,916 (60.2)	0.600
No	2,036 (39.9)	551 (39.2)	2,587 (39.8)	0.600
Type ^d
Sexual harassment^e	1,709 (27.7)	428 (25.4)	2,137 (27.2)	0.049
Rape^f	5,064 (82.5)	1,428 (84.5)	6,492 (82.9)	0.040
Child pornography^g	173 (2.9)	46 (2.8)	219 (2.8)	0.900
Sexual exploitation^h	231 (3.8)	96 (5.8)	327 (4.3)	< 0.001
Outroⁱ	426 (7.2)	97 (6.0)	523 (6.9)	0.090
Co-occurrence^d
Physical^j	991 (15.6)	280 (16.2)	1,271 (15.8)	0.600
Psychological/moral^k	1,912 (30.0)	552 (31.9)	2,464 (30.4)	0.100
Neglect/abandonment^l	215 (3.4)	80 (4.6)	295 (3.6)	0.010

Major municipalities^a	Number of children and adolescents^b	Number of notifications	Prevalence of notifications (per 100,000 children and adolescents)
Porto Alegre	367,306	4,201	1,144
Caxias do Sul	121,620	510	419
Pelotas	91,776	32	35
Canoas	99,058	336	339
Santa Maria	73,311	278	379
Gravataí	80,283	345	430
Viamão	79,530	39	49
Novo Hamburgo	71,208	70	98
São Leopoldo	66,274	49	74
Rio Grande	58,086	203	349
Alvorada	69,772	8	11
Passo Fundo	55,165	150	272
Sapucaia do Sul	41,185	30	73
Uruguaiana	43,841	108	246
Santa Cruz do Sul	31,645	39	123
Cachoeirinha	35,623	23	65
Bagé	35,502	26	73
Bento Gonçalves	27,157	77	284

[1] Correspondence:
Samara da Silveira Lourenço.
E-mail:
samaralourenco15@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudio descriptivo, 2014-2018

Resumen

Objetivo:

Métodos:

Resultados:

Conclusión: