Shapiro SE, McCauley LA2121. Shapiro SE, McCauley LA. SARS update: Winter, 2003 to 2004. AAOHN J. 2004 [cited 2020 Apr 28];5 (5) 199-203. doi: doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990405200506 https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079904052005...
2004 |
Standard precautions, of contact and respiratory when treating suspected SARS customers. N95 adjusted and not reused. Use of surgical masks to limit transmission. Eye protection and hand hygiene before and after contact with the patient. |
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Thorne CD, Khozin S2222. Thorne CD, Khozin S, McDiarmid MA. Using the hierarchy of control technologies to improve healthcare facility infection control: lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46(7):613-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000134191.92225.f2 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.000013419...
2004 |
Hand hygiene, wearing a cloak, gloves, adjusted N95 and eye protection. PPE standardization requires training. In case of aerosol generation, it requires a higher level of respiratory protection, such as hoods or fitted face pieces. |
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Chia SE, et al.2323. Chia S, Koh D, Fones C, Qian F, Ng V, Tan BH, et al. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment among healthcare workers in public sector hospitals and primary healthcare polyclinics during the SARS outbreak in Singapore. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(7):473-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.01502 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.01502...
2005 |
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The Singapore Ministry of Health manual recommends hand hygiene and the use of PPE. The recommended PPE are: N95, glasses/face shields, cloak (long sleeve) and disposable gloves. |
Yen MY, et al.2424. Yen MY, Lin YE, Su IJ, Huang FY, Huang FY, Ho MS, et al. Using an integrated infection control strategy during outbreak control to minimize nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect. 2006;62(2):195-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2005.02.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2005.02.0...
2006 |
N95, eye protection, cloak, and latex gloves. |
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Taiwan's Department of Health also advises a second layer of outer gloves, apron, head, and foot cover. |
Suwantarat N, Apisarnthanarak, A2525. Suwantarat N, Apisarnthanarak A. Risks to healthcare workers with emerging diseases: lessons from MERS-CoV, ebola, SARS, and avian flu. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2015;28(4):349-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000183 https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.000000000000...
2015 |
Reinforce the use of N95. Training is a key component of using PPE. |
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Weber DJ, et al.2626. Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Fischer WA, Kanamori H, Sickbert-Bennett, EE. Emerging infectious diseases: focus on infection control issues for novel coronaviruses (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Cov and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Cov), hemorrhagic fever viruses (Lassa and Ebola), and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, A(H5N1) and A(H7N9). Am J Infect Control. 2016];44(5 Suppl):e91-e100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.0...
2016 |
Basic individual training on equipping and unequipping PPE, with an explicit written list of all stages of equipping and unequipping. |
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Butt TS, et al.2727. Butt TS, Koutlakis-Barron I, AlJumaah S, AlThawadi S, AlMofada S. Infection control and prevention practices implemented to reduce transmission risk of middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(5):605-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.0...
2016 |
Hand hygiene, environment, and equipment cleaning, use of PPE, such as respirators with high-efficiency particulate (for example, N95). |
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Kim CJ, et al.2828. Kim CJ, Choi WS, Jung Y, Kiem S, Seol HY, Woo HJ, et al. Surveillance of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus (CoV) infection in healthcare workers after contact with confirmed MERS patients: incidence and risk factors of MERS-CoV seropositivity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(10):880-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.01...
2016 |
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N95 or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), isolation suit (coveralls), goggles or face shield and gloves. |
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Alraddadi BM, et al.2929. Alraddadi BM, Al-Salmi HS, Jakobs-Slifka K, Slayton RB, Estivariz CF, Geller AI, et al. Risk factors for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection among healthcare personnel. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(11):1915-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2211.160920 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2211.160920...
2016 |
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Use of N95 by professionals in close contact with infected patient. |
Maestre NMA, et al.3030. Maestre Naranjo MA, Dietl Sagüés M, Olivares Román S, García Arcones R, Gómez Crego R, Rodríguez de la Pinta ML. Actuación de un servicio de prevención de riesgos laborales para la atención a casos sospechosos de enfermedad respiratoria por coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A propósito de un caso. Med Segur Trab]. 2017 [cited 2020 Apr 28];63(247):93-102. Available from:Available from:http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0465-546X2017000200093&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?scrip...
2017 |
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Action measures before a patient's admission. Workers are registered, monitored and trained on the agent's risks, use of appropriate PPE and the protocol implementation for different situations in which the use of PPE is necessary. |
Al-Tawfiq JA, et al.3131. Al-Tawfiq JA, Rothwell S, Mcgregor HA, Khouri ZA. A multi-faceted approach of a nursing led education in response to MERS-Cov infection. J Infect Public Health. 2018 [cited 2020 Apr 28];11(2):260-4. doi: doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.0...
2018 |
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Cloak, gloves, head cover (hood) and N95, hand hygiene, PPE equipping and unequipping. |
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Saud HA, et al.3232. Aman SH, Aljaber MI, Alwehaibi AI, Aman FH, Algaeed HA, Almasoud SM, et al. Awareness of MERS-CoV among staff members of Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. BioRxiv [Preprint]. 2018 [cited 2020 Apr 28] : [30 p.]. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474205v1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/474205 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/...
2018 |
Preventive measures with protection of the nose, eyes, and any other places from which the medical team can contract the disease. |
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