Organic food-related educational actions developed by dieticians in
               Brazilian municipal schools

Vieira, Tayse Valdira; Corso, Arlete Catarina Tittoni; González-Chica, David Alejandro

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000500002

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Sumário

Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (5) • Sep-Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000500002 copy

Organic food-related educational actions developed by dieticians in Brazilian municipal schools

Ações educativas sobre alimentação orgânica desenvolvidas por nutricionistas em escolas municipais brasileiras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

This study describes educational actions concerning organic foods conducted in Brazilian public schools and investigates how these actions are associated with the weekly workload and duration of employment of the dietician responsible for school meals.

METHODS:

In 2012 this cross-sectional, census-type study used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from dieticians or others responsible for school meals in all 5,565 Brazilian municipalities. The software Stata 11.0 was used for the statistical analyses.

RESULTS:

Although all Brazilian municipalities were contacted, 93.1% (n=5,184) replied. Of these, 94.2% had dieticians in charge of the school meals. Organic food-related educational actions were provided in the schools of 37.9% of the municipalities. The main actions were school gardening (67.1%) and development of educational material (50.7%). Having a dietician responsible for school meals was not associated with the existence of educational actions at school (p=0.372). However, municipalities with dieticians in charge of school meals for at least twelve months were 22.0% and 20.0%, respectively, more likely to provide educational actions at school and include the subject 'organic foods' in the municipal school curriculum (p<0.05 for both). Dieticians' weekly work hours was directly related to the performance of school gardening-related activities (p=0.016).

CONCLUSION:

The percentage of Brazilian municipalities that provide organic food-related educational actions at school is low. Additionally, the availability of such actions relates to the dietician's duration of employment and weekly work hours.

School feeding; Food organic; Food and nutrition education; Dietician

Brazilian regions and states	Total municipalities in 2011^a			Responders						Have dietician
Brazilian regions and states	N		N	%	_p *		% (IC95%)				_p*
	N		N	%	_p *		% (IC95%)				_p*
Brazil	5,565	5,184		93.1	<0.001^**	94.2		(93.6;		94.8)	<0.001^**
North	448	388		86.6	0.030^***	82.1		(78.3;		85.9)	<0.001^***
Acre	22	20		90.9		85.0		(67.8;		100.0)
Amapá	16	13		81.2		76.9		(50.4;		100.0)
Amazonas	62	48		77.4		81.2		(69.8;		92.7)
Pará	143	118		82.5		94.9		(90.9;		98.9)
Rondônia	51	49		96.1		89.8		(81.0;		98.6)
Roraima	15	13		86.7		100.0			(—)
Tocantins	139	127		91.4		64.6		(56.1;		73.0)
Northeast	1,794	1,581		88.1	<0.001^***	96.3		(95.4;		97.2)	0.014^***
Alagoas	102	90		88.2		98.9		(96.7;		100.0)
Bahia	417	388		93.0		97.2		(95.5;		98.8)
Ceará	184	170		92.4		97.1		(94.5;		99.6)
Maranhão	217	164		75.6		96.3		(93.4;		99.2)
Paraíba	223	201		90.1		91.5		(87.7;		95.4)
Pernambuco	185	158		85.4		96.8		(94.1;		99.6)
Piauí	224	182		81.2		95.1		(91.9;		98.2)
Rio Grande do Norte	167	156		93.4		97.4		(94.9;		99.9)
Sergipe	75	72		96.0		100.0			(—)
Midwest	466	455		97.6	0.123^***	88.4		(85.4;		91.3)	<0.001^***
Distrito Federal and Goiás	247	238		96.4		91.2		(87.5;		94.8)
Mato Grosso	141	139		98.6		78.4		(71.5;		85.3)
Mato Grosso do Sul	78	78		100.0		97.4(93.8; 100.0)
Southeast	1,669	1,587		95.1	0.122^***	94.7		(93.6;		95.8)	<0.001^***
Espírito Santo	78	78		100.0		97.4		(93.8;		100.0)
Minas Gerais	854	809		94.7		92.2		(90.3;		94.1)
Rio de Janeiro	92	85		92.4		94.1		(89.0;		99.2)
São Paulo	645	615		95.3		97.9		(96.7;		99.0)
South	1,188	1,173		98.7	<0.001^***	97.2		(96.2;		98.1)	0.560^***
Paraná	399	385		96.5		96.6( 94.8;				98.4)
Rio Grande do Sul	496	495		99.8		97.8		(96.5;		99.1)
Santa Catarina	293	293		100.0		96.9		(94.9;		98.9)

Brazilian region	Dietician works <30h/week				Dietician works <48 months		Dietician performs educational actions

and state	_N a	% (95CI%)^b		_p *	% (95CI%)^b	_p *	_N c	% (95CI%)^d		_p *
Brazil	4,883	56.7	(55.3; 58.1)	<0.001^**	67.9 (66.6; 69.2)	<0.001^**	5184	37.9	(36.5; 39.3)	0.054^**
North	317	50.3	(44.8; 55.9)	<0.001^***	76.6 (71.9; 81.3)	0.015^***	388	37.8	(32.7; 43.0)	0.069^***
Acre	17	70.6	(46.4; 94.7)		52.9 (26.5; 79.4)		20	41.2	(15.1; 67.3)
Amapá	10	20.0	(0.0; 50.2)		80.0 (49.8;100.0)		13	16.7	(0.0; 41.4)
Amazonas	39	36.8	(20.8; 52.9)		89.5 (79.2; 99.7)		48	46.5	(31.0; 62.0)
Pará	112	35.7	(26.7; 44.7)		70.5 (62.0; 79.1)		118	31.4	(22.2; 40.5)
Rondônia	44	43.2	(27.9; 58.4)		70.0 (56.4; 84.5)		49	35.7	(20.6; 50.8)
Roraima	13	61.5	(30.9; 92.1)		84.6 (61.9;100.0)		13	15.4	(0.0; 38.1)
Tocantins	82	81.7	(73.2; 90.2)		85.2 (77.3; 93.1)		127	46.0	(36.7; 55.3)
Northeast	1,522	65.5	(63.1; 67.9)	0.008^***	74.6 (72.3; 76.8)	<0.001^***	1581	37.8	(35.3; 40.4)	0.019^***
Alagoas	89	68.5	(58.7; 78.4)		57.3 (46.8; 67.8)		90	33.3	(21.9; 44.7)
Bahia	376	64.0	(59.1; 68.9)		82.3 (78.4; 86.2)		388	37.8	(33.6; 44.0)
Ceará	165	66.5	(59.2; 73.7)		62.2 (54.7; 69.7)		170	34.7	(27.0; 42.5)
Maranhão	158	71.3	(64.2; 78.5)		80.8 (74.5; 87.0)		164	39.6	(31.3; 47.8)
Paraíba	184	72.5	(66.0; 79.1)		76.4 (70.1; 82.6)		201	41.6	(34.5; 48.6)
Pernambuco	173	54.3	(46.3; 62.3)		72.0 (64.7; 79.3)		158	40.0	(31.8; 48.2)
Piauí	173	61.3	(53.9; 68.6)		70.0 (63.0; 76.8)		182	36.7	(29.3; 44.2)
Rio Grande do Norte 152		62.9	(55.1; 70.7)		72.8 (65.7; 80.0)		156	42.7	(34.7; 50.7)
Sergipe	72	75.7	(65.4; 86.0)		87.1 (79.1; 95.2)		72	13.3	(4.5; 22.2)
Midwest	402	52.8	(47.9; 57.7)	<0.001^***	72.2 (67.8; 76.6)	0.124^***	455	39.6	(34.8; 44.4)	0.040^***
Goiás and DF	217	63.1	(56.7; 69.6)		76.0 (70.3; 81.8)		238	43.8	(37.0; 50.6)
Mato Grosso	109	41.3	(31.9; 50.7)		69.7 (61.0; 78.5)		139	39.3	(30.5; 48.1)
Mato Grosso do Sul 76		39.5	(28.2; 50.7)		64.5 (53.5; 75.5)		78	26.1	(15.2; 37.1)
Southeast	1,503	45.8	(43.2; 48.3)	<0.001^***	62.5 (60.1; 65.0)	<0.001^***	1587	35.1	(32.6; 37.6)	0.523^***
Espírito Santo	76	36.8	(25.7; 47.9)		71.2 (61.1; 82.1)		78	30.2	(18.5; 41.8)
Minas Gerais	745	54.8	(51.3; 58.4)		73.0 (69.8; 76.2)		809	36.7	(33.3; 40.2)
Rio de Janeiro	80	61.2	(50.3; 72.2)		63.3 (52.4; 74.2)		85	35.2	(23.8; 46.6)
São Paulo	602	33.4	(29.6; 37.2)		48.1 (44.1; 52.2)		615	33.3	(29.1; 37.4)
South	1,139	62.1	(59.3; 64.9)	<0.001^***	61.0 (58.2; 63.9)	0.004^***	1173	41.1	(38.2; 44.1)	0.018^***
Paraná	153	55.0	(49.9; 60.1)		60.3 (55.3; 65.3)		385	35.1	(30.0; 40.2)
Rio Grande do Sul	484	70.1	(66.0; 74.2)		56.9 (52.4; 61.4)		495	43.5	(38.9; 48.1)
Santa Catarina	284	58.1	(52.3; 63.9)		69.0 (63.6; 74.4)		293	45.1	(39.1; 51.1)

Organic food-related		Brazil								Brazilian regions
																		p ^*
					North			Northeast			Midwest		Southeast			South
educational actions					North			Northeast			Midwest		Southeast			South
	N^a	% (95%CI)			% (95%CI)			% (95%CI)			% (95%CI)		% (95%CI)			% (95%CI)
School garden		67.1		73.4			62.8			69.9			65.6		72.1
	1,096	(64.8;	69.4)	(64.8;		82.1)	(58.5;		67.0)	(62.0;		77.7)	(61.2;	70.0)	(67.8;		76.4)	0.017
Development of		50.7		43.1			50.1			53.8			56.1		45.5
educational material	822	(48.2;	53.1)	(33.3; 52.8)			(46.5;		55.2)	(45.3;		62.2)	(51.5;	60.6)	(40.7;		50.3)	0.015
Culinary workshops		26.3		24.9			23.0			19.1			27.4		32.4
	432	(24.2;	28.4)	(16.4;		33.3)	(19.3;		26.7)	(12.4;		25.8)	(23.3;	31.5)	(27.9;		36.9)	0.006
Recreational activities		25.2		29.3			23.1			27.3			24.3		27.0
	408	(23.2;	27.3)	(20.3;		38.3)	(19.4;		26.8)	(19.7;		34.8)	(20.4;	28.3)	(22.8;		31.3)	0.498
Hands-on		23.7		22.3			27.1			22.0			23.4		20.4
interdisciplinary classes	384	(21.6;	25.7)	(14.1;		30.5)	(23.2;		30.9)	(15.0;		29.1)	(19.4;	27.3)	(16.5;		24.2)	0.190
Field trips to family farms		12.2		8.4			11.5			13.9			10.8		15.4
	201	(10.7;	13.8)	(3.0; 13.8)			(8.7; 14.2)			(8.0; 19.8)			(7.9; 13.7)		(11.9;		18.9)	0.155
Other		5.3		5.4			6.4			5.9			4.6		4.5
	87	(4.2;	6.4)	(1.1;		9.7)	(4.2;		8.5)	(1.2;		9.9)	(2.7;	6.6)	(2.5;		6.5)	0.700

			Weekly work hours^†					Duration of employment (months)^†
Educational actions	<30h		<30h		31-60h			<12m		12-47m		≥48m
Educational actions	(n=2,754)		(n=952)		(n=1,156)	p		(n=892)		(n=2,388)		(n=1,570)	p
	(n=2,754)		(n=952)		(n=1,156)	p		(n=892)		(n=2,388)		(n=1,570)	p

	%	%		%			%		%		%

Develops educational actions	36.9	37.5		36.9		0.154^**	31.6		39.0		38.5		0.003^**
Included in the school curriculum	30.6	31.9		30.6		0.083^**	26.8		32.8		32.0		0.015^**
Main educational actions^††
School garden activities	64.7	68.9		64.7		0.016^* ^*	68.1		67.0		66.8		0.764^*
Development of educational materials	52.5	46.1		52.5		0.161^**	52.1		50.4		50.3		0.888^**
Recreational activities	24.3	27.8		24.3		0.475^**	25.9		24.3		26.6		0.639^**
Culinary workshops	25.5	26.2		25.5		0.521^**	26.4		24.3		28.4		0.266^**
Hands-on interdisciplinary classes	24.7	17.9		24.7		0.040^**	25.0		24.2		22.0		0.339^**
Field trips to family farms	13.0	12.0		13.0		0.295^**	10.9		13.0		11.8		0.618^**
Other	05.5	05.2		05.5		0.698^**	03.2		06.2		04.8		0.180^**

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS TV VIEIRA, DA GONZÁLEZ-CHICA, and ACT CORSO helped to conceive the study; collect, analyze, and interpret the data; and write the manuscript.