Estudo transversal em uma amostra de 295 idosos usuários das unidades de saúde do município de São Caetano do Sul. A qualidade alimentar foi avaliada pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado. As associações entre as médias do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado e variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, antropométricas, estilo de vida e condições de saúde foram verificadas por meio de regressão linear múltipla.

Resultados

Ao relacionar as variáveis com o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado, o estado civil viúvo ou separado (β=-2,02; p=0,047), estar aposentado (β=-4,24; p=0,034) e o hábito de fumar (β=-8,06; p=0,001) determinaram índices menores, enquanto que em idosos com maior escolaridade (9 anos ou mais de estudo) as médias observadas foram maiores (β=3,49; p=0,013).

Conclusão

A qualidade da dieta apresentou-se melhor em indivíduos com maior escolaridade e pior em viúvos ou separados, aposentados e fumantes, indicando que fatores sociodemográficos, econômicos e de estilo de vida podem influenciar nas escolhas alimentares de idosos.

Palavras-chave:
Envelhecimento; Nutrição do idoso; Consumo de alimentos.

Autoria

Tatiana Império de FREITAS

Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Curso de Nutrição. Av. Regente Feijó, 1295, Jd. Anália Franco, 03342-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Universidade Cruzeiro do SulBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Curso de Nutrição. Av. Regente Feijó, 1295, Jd. Anália Franco, 03342-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Ágatha Nogueira PREVIDELLI

Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Curso de Nutrição. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade São Judas TadeuBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade São Judas Tadeu, Curso de Nutrição. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Marcela Previato do Nascimento FERREIRA

Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Curso de Nutrição. São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil.Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do SulBrazilSão Caetano do Sul, SP, BrazilUniversidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Curso de Nutrição. São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil.

Karina Maffei MARQUES

Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Envelhecimento. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade São Judas TadeuBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade São Judas Tadeu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Envelhecimento. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Rita Maria Monteiro GOULART

Rita de Cássia de AQUINO

Correspondência para/Correspondnce to: TI FREITAS. E-mail: <tatiana-imerio@hotmail.com>.

CONTRIBUTORS

TI FREITAS raised the data, reviewed the literature, analyzed and interpreted the results and wrote the article. AN PREVIDELLI performed the statistical analysis and interpreted the results. MPN FERREIRA and KM MARQUES raised the field data and interpreted the results. RMM GOULART collaborated in the study and interpreted the results. RC AQUINO designed and coordinated the study and conducted the final critical revision of the manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (4)

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Chart 1
Distribution of the components of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI).

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Table 1
Brazilian Healthy Eating Index according to the socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Su l (SP), Brazil (2014).

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Table 2
Brazilian Healthy Eating Index mean scores according to the health conditions of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil (2014).

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Table 3
Association between Brazilian Healthy Eating Index scores and characteristics of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Su l (SP), Brazil (2014).

Chart 1 Distribution of the components of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (BHEI).

Components BHEI	Score (points)
Components BHEI	0	5	8	10	20
Total fruita	0	----	1.0 portion /1000kcal
Whole fruitb	0	----	0.5 portion /1000kcal
Total vegetables	0	----	1.0 portion /1000kcal
DG/OvegL	0	----	0.5 portion/1000kcal
Total Cerealc	0	----	2.0 portions /1000kcal
Whole Cereal	0	----	1.0 portion /1000kcal
Milk and dairy productsd	0	-------------------------------------------------	1.5 portions/1000kcal
Meat, eggs, and legumese	0	-------------------------------------------------	1.0 portion /1000kcal
Oilsf	0	-------------------------------------------------	0.5 portion/1000kcal
Saturated fat	≥15	---------------------------------	10	----	≤7% of TEV
Sodium	≥2.0	---------------------------------	1.0	----	≤0.75g/ 1000kcal
SoFAAs	≥35	---------------------------------------------------------------------------------			≤10% do TEV

Note: a All fruit excluding fruit juice; b All fruit including fruits and fruit juice; c Total grain: cereals, roots, and tubers; d Includes milk and other dairy products and soy-based beverages; e Includes legumes only after the meat, egg, and legume component reach the maximum score; fIncludes monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, oils from oilseeds, and fat in fish.
DG/OvegL: Dark Green and Orange Vegetables and Legumes; SoFAAs: Energetic value from Solid Fat (saturated and trans fat), Alcohol, and Added Sugar; TEV: Total Energetic Value.

Table 1 Brazilian Healthy Eating Index according to the socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Su l (SP), Brazil (2014).

Variables	Brazilian Healthy Eating Index
Variables	n	%	Mean	±	SD	Minimum	Maximum	p
Gender
Female	251	85.1	77.24	±	09.04	31.88	95.56
Male	44	14.9	78.85	±	08.16	58.11	91.04	0.269
Age (years)
60 to 69	137	46.5	77.45	±	08.71	44.08	91.41
70 to 79	124	42.0	78.33	±	09.39	31.88	95.56	0.420
80 or older	34	11.5	74.43	±	07.39	55.65	87.47	0.077
Marital status
Married	132	44.7	79.01	±	08.57	31.88	95.56
Widowed	107	36.3	75.85	±	09.43	43.22	91.41	0.006
Separated/divorced	56	19.0	76.94	±	08.21	58.50	90.42	0.144
Lives alone
Yes	75	25.4	78.13	±	08.43	55.65	91.41
No	220	74.6	77.25	±	09.08	31.88	95.56	0.461
Education level (years of schooling)
0-4 years	123	41.7	75.90	±	08.49	43.22	91.75
5-8 years	62	21.0	75.86	±	10.75	31.88	91.41	0.972
9-12 years	53	18.0	79.95	±	08.60	44.07	91.04	0.005
12 years or more	57	19.3	80.31	±	06.58	58.11	95.56	0.002
Employment status
Still works (including those that are retired)	21	07.1	74.77	±	09.57	58.11	90.32
Retired	184	62.4	78.16	±	09.57	31.88	95.56	0.100
Homemaker	86	29.2	76.73	±	09.20	43.22	90.39	0.220
Income (MW) ^*
No income	29	09.8	79.19	±	07.18	66.85	90.39
Up to 1	62	21.0	75.06	±	10.57	31.88	91.75	0.039
>1 to ≤3	130	44.0	77.19	±	09.10	43.22	91.41	0.274
>3	68	23.1	79.36	±	07.19	60.12	95.56	0.930
Physical activity
Yes	256	86.8	77.36	±	09.10	31.88	91.75
No	39	13.2	78.19	±	07.69	58.11	95.56	0.588
Smoking habit
Yes	13	04.4	70.49	±	11.65	44.07	87.54
No	282	95.6	77.79	±	08.66	31.88	95.56	0.004

Note: * Minimum Wage in 2014=R$724,00.
SD: Standard Deviation.

Table 2 Brazilian Healthy Eating Index mean scores according to the health conditions of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil (2014).

Variables	Brazilian Healthy Eating Index
Variables	n	%	Mean	±	SD	Minimum	Maximum	p
Have own natural teeth
Yes	124	42.1	79.03	±	08.12	43.22	95.56
No	171	57.9	76.34	±	09.31	31.88	91.75	0.001
Chewing problems
Yes	32	10.8	74.52	±	09.98	51.90	90.00
No	263	89.2	77.83	±	08.73	31.88	95.56	0.047
Choking or gagging when swallowing
Yes	7	02.4	76.25	±	07.30	63.66	86.25	0.714
No	288	97.6	77.50	±	08.96	31.88	95.56
Abdominal pain
Yes	16	05.4	74.01	±	08.94	55.22	85.20	0.111
No	279	94.6	77.67	±	08.89	31.88	95.56
Use of laxatives
Yes	11	03.7	74.79	±	10.24	57.39	88.74	0.310
No	284	96.3	77.58	±	08.86	31.88	95.56
Hypertension
Yes	164	55.6	77.75	±	07.90	51.90	91.75	0.545
No	131	44.4	77.12	±	10.06	31.88	95.56
Dyslipidemia
Yes	124	42.0	77.41	±	08.86	43.22	95.56	0.914
No	171	58.0	77.52	±	08.98	31.88	91.75
Diabetes Mellitus
Yes	64	21.7	77.41	±	08.86	43.22	95.56	0.914
No	231	78.3	77.52	±	08.98	31.88	91.75
Nutritional status
Eutrophic	125	42.4	78.44	±	07.65	57.39	95.56
Undernourished	41	13.9	76.83	±	09.41	43.22	91.34	0.316
Overweight	38	12.9	78.56	±	07.45	58.98	90.86	0.942
Obese	91	30.8	75.98	±	10.61	31.88	91.75	0.046

Note: SD: Standard Deviation.

Table 3 Association between Brazilian Healthy Eating Index scores and characteristics of older adults living in the municipality of São Caetano do Su l (SP), Brazil (2014).

Characteristics	Univariate regression		Multivariate regression
Characteristics	β	p	β	p
Gender
Female	-1.00
Male	-1.62	0.269	-
Age (years)
60 to 69	-1.00
70 to 79	-0.89	0.420	-
80 or older	-3.01	0.077
Marital status
Married	-1.00
Widowed or separated	-2.79	0.007	-2.02	0.047
Lives alone
Yes	-1.00
No	-0.88	0.461	-
Education level (years of schooling)
0-4 years	-1.00
5-8 years	-0.05	0.972	-0.58	0.965
9-12 years	-4.04	0.005	-3.49	0.013
12 years or more	-4.41	0.002	-3.92	0.005
Employment status
Still works	-1.00
Retired	-3.39	0.100	-4.24	0.034
Homemaker	-1.43	0.220	-0.14	0.903
Income (MW)
No income	-1.00
Up to 1	-4.13	0.039	-
>1 to ≤3	-2.00	0.274
>3	-0.17	0.930
Smoking habit
Yes	-7.31	0.004	-8.06	0.001
No	-1.00
Nutritional status
Eutrophic	-1.00
Undernourished	-1.61	0.316	-
Overweight	-0.12	0.942
Obese	-2.45	0.046

Note: MV: Minimum Wage.

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondnce to: TI FREITAS. E-mail: <tatiana-imerio@hotmail.com>.