Prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e fatores associados em professores da educação básica de um município do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil

ALMEIDA, Lyllian Aparecida Vieira; BRITO, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; PINHO, Lucinéia de; MAGALHÃES, Tatiana Almeida de; HAIKAL, Desirée Sant´Ana; SILVEIRA, Marise Fagundes

Lyllian Aparecida Vieira ALMEIDA

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Cula Mangabeira, n. 562, Santo Expedito, 39401-002, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-4567

Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo BRITO

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-9491

Lucinéia de PINHO

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-5806

Tatiana Almeida de MAGALHÃES

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Cula Mangabeira, n. 562, Santo Expedito, 39401-002, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-863X

Desirée Sant´Ana HAIKAL

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Cula Mangabeira, n. 562, Santo Expedito, 39401-002, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-0747

Marise Fagundes SILVEIRA

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Cula Mangabeira, n. 562, Santo Expedito, 39401-002, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-3160

Correspondence to:
M. F. SILVEIRA. E-mail: <ciaestatistica@yahoo.com.br>.

CONTRIBUTORS

L.A.V. ALMEIDA worked in the conception of the study, data collection, methodological analyses, data interpretation, and writing. M.F.S.F. BRITO was involved in the conception, data collection, methodological analysis and statistics, data interpretation, writing, and final revision of the article. L. PINHO worked in the conception, methodological analysis and statistics, data interpretation, writing, and final revision of the article. T.A. MAGALHÃES and D.S. HAIKAL were involved in the research’s conception, data collection, and writing. M.F. SILVEIRA was involved in the conception, data collection, methodological analysis and statistics, data interpretation, writing, and final revision of the article.

Variables	Measures (self-referred)	Category
Sociodemographic
Gender	Classification of the teacher according to sex	Male
Gender	Classification of the teacher according to sex	Female
Age group	Teacher’s age group	≤40 years
Age group	Teacher’s age group	>40 years
Marital status	Teacher’s marital status	Without a companion: single/widower/divorced/separated
Marital status	Teacher’s marital status	With a companion: married/ stable union
Race	Teacher’s self-declared ethnic group	White
Race	Teacher’s self-declared ethnic group	Non-white: Black, biracial, Asian, indigenous/native
Income per capita	Self-declared income by tercile	>R$1.629 (3^rd tercile)
		R$1.000 a 1.628 (2^nd tercile)
		<R$1.000 (1^st tercile)
Level of schooling	The highest current level of schooling	Graduate (lato and stricto sensu)
Level of schooling	The highest current level of schooling	Undergraduate
Number of kids	The teacher’s number of kids	Doesn’t have kids
		1 or 2 kids
		≥3 kids
Occupational factors
Time working as a teacher	Time working as a teacher in years	1 to 10 years
		11 to 20 years
		>20 years
Teaching network he/she works in	Teaching network he/she works in	Only public network
Teaching network he/she works in	Teaching network he/she works in	Public and private networks
Weekly workload	Weekly workload in hours	≤24 hours (weekly)
Weekly workload	Weekly workload in hours	>24 hours (weekly)
Work contract	Type of contract	Tenured/ safe job
Work contract	Type of contract	Hired/ designated
Lifestyle
Consuming fruits or juice	Number of days a week the teacher has natural fruit juices or eat whole fruits [1818. Otten JJ, Bradford VA, Stover B, Hill HD, Osborne C, Getts K, et al. The culture of health in early care and education: workers' wages, health, and job characteristics. Health Affairs. 2019;38(5):709-20. https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.05493 https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.0... ]	≥5 times a week
Consuming fruits or juice		<5 times a week
Consuming sweets	Frequency the teacher has sweet foods like ice cream, chocolate, cake, cookies, or candies [1818. Otten JJ, Bradford VA, Stover B, Hill HD, Osborne C, Getts K, et al. The culture of health in early care and education: workers' wages, health, and job characteristics. Health Affairs. 2019;38(5):709-20. https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.05493 https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.0... ]	2 times a week
Consuming sweets		≥3 times a week
Consuming fat	Ingestion of fatty meats (or skin-on chicken) [1818. Otten JJ, Bradford VA, Stover B, Hill HD, Osborne C, Getts K, et al. The culture of health in early care and education: workers' wages, health, and job characteristics. Health Affairs. 2019;38(5):709-20. https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.05493 https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.0... ]	No
Consuming fat		Yes
Consuming alcohol in excess	Consumption of alcohol: excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (defined as 5 or more doses for men and 4 or more doses for women, on the same occasion) [1818. Otten JJ, Bradford VA, Stover B, Hill HD, Osborne C, Getts K, et al. The culture of health in early care and education: workers' wages, health, and job characteristics. Health Affairs. 2019;38(5):709-20. https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.05493 https://doi.org/10.1377 / hlthaff.2018.0... ]	No
Consuming alcohol in excess		Yes
Practicing physical activities	Classification according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire	Active/very active
		Irregularly active
		Sedentary
Psychosocial aspects
Depressive episodes	Score in Beck’s Depression Scale	No symptoms (≤11)
Depressive episodes	Score in Beck’s Depression Scale	With symptoms (≥12)
Symptoms of stress	Score in the Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults	Stage I (alert >6)
		Stage II (resistance >3)
		Stage III (exhaustion >8)
Health profile
Problems/diseases	Has condition/disease (circulatory, endocrine, bone/ articulations/ muscles, respiratory) that is diagnosed, treated, medicated or accompanied in the last three years	Absence of disease
Problems/diseases		Presence of disease
Altered blood pressure	Systemic blood pressure Systolic BP superior to 140mmHg, and/or BP above 90mmHg, and/or reporting use of medications to control BP [1414. Höfelmann DA, Blank N. Excesso de peso entre trabalhadores de uma indústria: prevalência e fatores associados. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2009;14(4):657-70.]	No
Altered blood pressure		Yes
Self-perception of health	Evaluated by the question “How do you classify your health state?”	Positive: Excellent/good
Self-perception of health		Negative: Regular/bad/very bad

Variables	n	%	Prevalence Overweight/Obesity	PR_unadjusted	CI95%	p-value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex
Female	591	85.9	51.7	1.0		0.165
Male	116	14.1	58.7	1,14	0.96-1.36
Age group
≤ 40 years-old	359	50.3	42.9	1.0		0.001
> 40 years-old	348	49.7	62.7	1.46	1.26-1.71
Marital status
Without partners	267	38.3	48.2	1.0		0.080
With partners	440	61.7	55.6	1.15	0.98-1.35
Skin color
Non-white	497	71.1	51.5	1.0		0.284
White	209	28.9	56.0	1.09	0.93-1.27
Income per capita
> 1.629 (3rd tercile)	231	32.2	48.5	1.0		0.074
1000 to 1.628 (2nd tercile)	251	35.1	51.4	1.06	0.88-1.28
<1000 (1st tercile)	220	31.7	57.5	1.18	0.98-1.43
Level of schooling
Graduate	395	55.4	50.7	1.0		0.262
Undergraduate	312	44.6	55.2	1.09	0.94-1.26
Number of kids
Does not have kids	221	31.2	41.4	1.0		0.012
1 or 2 kids	376	52.8	53.1	1.28	1.06-1.56
≥ 3 kids	110	16.0	73.5	1.78	1.45-2.17
Occupational factors
Time working as a teacher
1 to 10 years	362	52.4	45.8	1.0		0.006
11 to 20 years	204	28.1	60.9	1.33	1.13-1.57
> 20 years	141	19.5	59.5	1.30	1.08-1.56
Teaching network
Public	642	91.6	53.5	1.0		0.224
Public and private	65	8.4	44.6	0.84	0.62-1.12
Workload
≤ 24 h weekly	396	56.8	49.5	1.0		0.062
> 24 h weekly	311	43.2	57.0	1.15	0.99-1.33
Work relationship
Tenured	312	40.9	47.4	1.0		0.027
Hired	395	59.1	56.4	1.19	1.02-1.39

Variables	n	%	Overweight/Obesity prevalence	PR_unadjusted	CI95%	p-value
Lifestyle
Having fruits or juice
≥ 5 times a week	332	47.4	49.9	1.0
< 5 times a week	375	52.6	55.3	1.11	0.95-0.13	0.185
Consumption of sweets
2 times a week	407	57.2	55.3	1.0
≥ 3 times a week	300	42.8	49.3	0.89	0.76-1.04	0.141
Fat intake
No	561	80.7	50.0	1.0
Yes	141	19.3	64.0	1.28	1.09-1.50	0.002
Abusive consumption of alcohol
No	643	90.6	51.1	1.0
Yes	64	9.4	67.9	1.33	1.10-1.62	0.005
Physical exercise
Active/Very active	337	48.9	49.5	1.0
Irregularly active	228	32.1	54.1	1.10	0.92-1.30	0.305
Sedentary	133	18.9	58.1	1.17	0.97-1.42	0.097
Psychosocial aspects
Depressive events
No symptoms	588	82.4	49.9	1.0
With symptoms	119	17.6	66.1	1.33	1.13-1.55	<0.001
Stress
Stage I (alert)
No	669	94.9	52.6	1.0
Yes	35	5.1	57.9	1.10	0.81-1.50	0.544
Stage II (resistance)
No	426	61.0	48.8	1.0
Yes	278	39.0	59.2	1.21	(1.03 - 1.58	0.009
Stage III (exhaustion)
No	653	92.8	51.8	1.0
Yes	51	7.2	66.2	1.28	(1.03 - 1.53	0.025
Health profiles
Circulatory problems/diseases
Absent	596	84.4	51.2	1.0
Present	110	15.6	58.2	1.14	(0.95 - 1.36	0.176
Endocrine
Absent	657	92.7	50.8	1.0
Present	50	7.3	70.0	1.38	(1.13 - 1.68	0.009
Bone, muscle, articulation problems
Absent	564	79.5	50.7	1.0
Present	143	20.5	58.0	1.15	0.99-1.35	0.117
Respiratory
Absent	654	92.0	51.4	1.0
Present	53	8.0	62.3	1.21	0.97-1.51	0.127
Hypertension
Absent	569	80.5	45.7	1.0
Present	138	19.5	79.0	1.73	1.53-1.96	<0.001
Health self-perception
Positive	469	67.3	47.7	1.0
Negative	238	32.7	63.1	1.32	1.15-1.53	<0.001

Variables	PR_adjusted	CI95%	p-value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex
Female	1.00
Male	1.25	1.04-1.45	0.017
Age group
≤ 40 years	1.00
> 40 years	1.33	1.12-1.58	0.001
Number of kids
None	1.00
1- 2	1.19	0.97-1.46	0.100
≥3	1.47	1.17-1.86	0.001
Occupation factors
Workload
≤ 24 hours a week	1.00
> 24 hours a week	1.16	1.01-1.34	0.047
Work relationship
Tenured	1.00
Hired	1.25	1.08-1.46	0.003
Lifestyle
Fat intake
No	1.00
Yes	1.21	1.04-1.41	0.013
Abusive consumption of alcohol
No	1.00
Yes	1.20	1.02-1.43	0.045
Psychosocial aspects
Depressive events
No symptoms	1.00
With symptoms	1.32	1.13-1.54	<0.001
Health profiles
Endocrine problems
No	1.00
Yes	1.20	1.02-1.43	0.025
Altered blood pressure
No	1.00
Yes	1.52	1.34-1.74	<0.001
Health self-perception
Positive	1.00
Negative	1.15	1.01-1.32	0.044

[1] Correspondence to:
M. F. SILVEIRA. E-mail: <ciaestatistica@yahoo.com.br>.

Brasil

Brasil

Prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e fatores associados em professores da educação básica de um município do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil

RESUMO

Objetivo

Métodos

Resultados

Conclusão