Avaliação dos hábitos alımentares de pré-escolar e atitudes dos pais

Erdem, Feyzanur; Arıca, Seçil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL | Nutritional Assessment • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e230003 copiar

Avaliação dos hábitos alımentares de pré-escolar e atitudes dos pais

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Este estudo observacional descritivo teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos alimentares de crianças em idade pré-escolar e as atitudes dos pais.

Métodos

Foi utilizado um método de amostragem por conveniência para coletar dados sobre o comportamento alimentar de crianças com idades entre 3 e 6 anos. Foram aplicados um Formulário de Informações Pessoais e de Pais e o Inventário de Comportamento Alimentar Infantil, e a análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa IBM®SPSS® 16.0. O estudo contou com a participação de 206 pais fornecendo informações sobre as atitudes dos pais em relação à alimentação e os comportamentos alimentares das crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos.

Resultados

A amostra do estudo incluiu 206 pais de crianças com idades entre 3 e 6 anos, sendo a maioria das crianças com peso normal. As respostas dos pais às perguntas da pesquisa revelaram correlações significativas entre os percentis de peso das crianças e o nível educacional dos pais, índice de massa corporal materno e nível de renda. Comportamentos alimentares positivos nas crianças foram positivamente correlacionados com a idade e nível educacional dos pais, nível de renda, idade da criança e percentil de peso da criança, enquanto comportamentos alimentares negativos foram negativamente correlacionados com a idade dos pais, nível educacional, nível de renda e positivamente correlacionados com o índice de massa corporal materno. Foram observadas diferenças de gênero, com as crianças do sexo masculino apresentando pontuações médias mais baixas em comportamentos alimentares negativos, visões e comportamentos maternos, comportamento de preparação de alimentos infantis e situações negativas durante as refeições em comparação com as crianças do sexo feminino

Conclusão

Demonstra-se que o nível educacional e o nível de renda dos pais estão relacionados ao comportamento alimentar positivo das crianças, enquanto estão inversamente associados ao comportamento alimentar negativo. Comportamentos alimentares negativos e comportamentos de preparação de alimentos foram menores em meninos em comparação com meninas.

Palavras-chave
Comportamento alimentar; Obesidade; Pré-escolar

Question no	Inventory Question Content		Average score
	Positive eating behaviors exhibited by the child
1		My child chews food as expected for his age	4.08
9		My child feed him/her self as expected for his/her age	3.18
21		My child eats foods that taste different	2.40
23		My child uses cutlery as expected for his/her age	4.15
35		My child says he/she is hungry	3.86
36		My child says he/she’ll get fat if he/she eats too much	2.49
	Negative eating behaviors exhibited by the child
3		My child watches TV at meals	3.95
5		My child takes more than half an hour to eat his/her meals	3.48
6		Relatives complain about my child’s eating	2.46
15		My child comes to table 1 or 2 minutes after I call	2.93
28		My child lets food sit in his/her mouth	1.93
34		My child eats when upset	1.81
38		My child hides food	1.88
39		My child brings toy sor books to the table	2.29
	Negative eating behaviors exhibited by the child outside of mealtime
8		My child asks fo r food which he/she shouldn’t have	3.97
10		My child gags at mealtimes	1.51
14		My child takes food between meals without asking	3.18
17		My child eats quickly	2.19
18		My child makes foods for him/her self when not allowed	2.84
20		At home my child eats food he/she shouldn’t have	3.44
24		At friends’ homes my child eats food he/she shouldn’ t eat	3.53
25		My child asks for food between meals	3.67
27		My child eats chunky foods	3.68
	Maternal views and behaviors
4		I feed my child if he(she doesn’e eat	3.29
7		My child enjoys eating	3.20
11		I feel confident my child eats enough	3.23
12		I find our meals stressful	2.59
19		I get upset when my child doesn’t eat	3.49
22		I let my child have snacks between meals if he/she doesn’t eat at meals	3.79
26		I get upset when I think about our meals	2.33
29		At dinner I let my child choose the foods he/she wants from what is served	3.26
30		My child’s behavior at meals upsets my spouse	2.35
	Behaviors of the child regarding food preparation
2		My child helps to set the table	3.17
37		My child helps to clear the table
	Negative conditions for the child during the meal
13		My child vomits at mealtime	1.47
16		My child chokes at mealtimes	1.41
	Family consequences. how the child feels about their behavior understanding. Controlling behavior
31		I agree with my spouse about how much our child should eat	3.08
32		My child interrupts conversations with my spouse at meals	2.74
33		I get upset with my spouse at meals	2.25
40		My child’s behavior at meals upsets our other children	1.73

Sociodemographic information			M±SD	(Min-Max)	n	%
Maternal age			30.3±6.3	(17-55)
Paternal age			33.0±6.4	(20-60)
	Maternal education status
		Literate			72	35.3
		Elementary school			85	41.4
		High school			33	16.1
		Higher education			13	6.2
		Master’s/PhD^* * Doctor of philosophy;			2	1.0
	Paternal education status
		Literate			42	21.4
		Elementary school			92	46.9
		High school			37	18.9
		Higher education			21	10.7
		Master’s/PhD^* * Doctor of philosophy;			4	2.1
	Parental relationship status
		Mother or father passed away			7	3.4
		Divorced/living apart			23	11.2
		Living together			176	85.4
	Maternal weight^ Mother’s weight classification according to Body Mass Index level.
		Underweight			2	0.9
		Normal weight			66	31.8
		Overweight			76	36.6
		Obese			64	30.7
	Mother’s Perception of Child’s Weight
		Too underweight			4	2.0
		Underweight			27	13.4
		Normal			92	45.5
		Overweight			61	30.2
		Obese			18	8.9

Parental Sociodemographic Information	Child percentile
Parental Sociodemographic Information	rho	p
Maternal education level	0.177	0.011
Paternal education level	0.223	0.002
Maternal Body Mass Index	0.244	<0.001
Income level	0.203	0.004

Children’s eating behavior	Maternal age		Paternal age		Maternal education level		Paternal education level		Income level		Maternal BMI		Child age		Child percentil
Children’s eating behavior	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p	rho	p
Positive eating behaviors exhibited by children	0.214	0.002	0.279	< 0.001	0.255	< 0.001	0.201	0.005	0.244	< 0.001	0.126	0.072	0.249	< 0.001	0.292	< 0.001
Negative eating behaviors exhibited by children	-0.176	0.011	-0.217	0.002	-0.225	0.001	-0.155	0.030	-0.175	0.013	0.198	0.005	-0.087	0.214	-0.098	0.163
Negative eating behaviors exhibited by children outside mealtime	-0.071	0.314	-0.024	0.740	-0.115	0.102	-0.133	0.063	0.021	0.766	0.304	< 0.001	0.043	0.542	0.221	0.001
Maternal views and behaviors	-0.122	0.081	-0.158	0.027	-0.223	0.001	-0.213	0.003	-0.165	0.018	0.102	0.145	-0.152	0.029	0.013	0.856
Children’s behaviors regarding food preparation	-0.026	0.713	-0.023	0.749	-0.094	0.179	-0.096	0.179	-0.115	0.103	0.095	0.176	0.009	0.893	-0.129	0.065
Negative conditions for children during the meal	-0.075	0.285	-0.182	0.011	-0.260	< 0.001	-0.286	< 0.001	-0.305	< 0.001	0.108	0.125	-0.147	0.035	-0.218	0.002
Family outcomes; children’s behavior comprehend and control their behaviors	-0.031	0.658	-0.091	0.206	-0.008	0.905	-0.080	0.267	-0.022	0.753	0.183	0.009	0.111	0.112	0.185	0.008

Eating behaviors	Child gender				p
	Male		Female
	M	SD	M	SD
Positive eating behaviors exhibited by children	3.6	0.8	3.5	0.8	0.615
Negative eating behaviors exhibited by children	2.5	0.7	2.8	0.7	0.001
Negative eating behaviors exhibited by children outside mealtime	3.5	0.9	3.4	0.9	0.662
Maternal views and behaviors	3.0	0.6	3.2	0.6	0.007
Children’s behaviors regarding food preparation	2.2	0.8	2.8	0.8	<0.001
Negative conditions for children during the meal	1.3	0.6	1.6	0.9	0.001
Family consequences, how children feel about their behavior understanding, controlling behavior	2.7	0.6	2.7	0.6	0.772

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[1] Correspondence to: F ERDEM. E-mail: drfeyzanurerdem@gmail.com.