O efeito das atitudes nutricionais de mães que trabalham como profissionais de saúde sobre os hábitos alimentares de seus filhos

Ergün, Sibel; Bozdemir, Büşra

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Sumário

ORIGINAL | Nutritional Assessment • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e230028 copiar

O efeito das atitudes nutricionais de mães que trabalham como profissionais de saúde sobre os hábitos alimentares de seus filhos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos das atitudes das mães enquanto profissionais de saúde e das suas características sociodemográficas nos hábitos alimentares dos seus filhos.

Métodos

Os dados deste estudo descritivo e transversal foram recolhidos entre janeiro e março de 2022, através de um inquérito online aplicado a 386 mães.

Resultados

A média de idade das mães foi de 32,88±4,96 anos, e a média de idade das crianças foi de 38,78±18,24 meses. Relativamente ao nível de escolaridade, 62,7% das mães tinham formação universitária, enquanto 54,4% eram enfermeiras. Foi encontrada uma correlação significativa e positiva entre as subdimensões da Escala de Atitudes das Mães em relação ao Processo de Alimentação e a escala de Avaliação Comportamental da Alimentação Pediátrica (p=0,000). De acordo com a análise de regressão múltipla, o principal determinante da subdimensão “comedor exigente” da escala Avaliação Comportamental da Alimentação Pediátrica foi a ocupação da mãe (β=0,28; 95% Cl: 3,07, 6,50), o principal determinante da subdimensão “recusa geral de bebês” foi a falta de afetividade durante a refeição (β=0. 38; IC 95%: 0,19, 0,32), o principal determinante da subdimensão “recusa geral de crianças mais velhas” foi a falta de afetividade durante a refeição (β=0,30; IC 95%: 0,16, 0,33), e o principal determinante da subdimensão recusa de crianças mais velhas – alimentos texturizados foi a alimentação forçada (β=0,48; IC 95%: 0,41, 0,63).

Conclusão

O estudo concluiu que os problemas relacionados com as atitudes das mães em relação ao processo de alimentação eram moderados e que esses problemas eram causados principalmente pelas atitudes das mães em relação a uma alimentação inadequada/desbalanceada. Verificou-se também que as crianças tinham um comportamento alimentar e hábitos alimentares problemáticos moderados.

Palavras-chave
Criança; Hábitos alimentares; Pessoal de saúde; Mães

Characteristics		M±SD	n	%
Maternal age (years)		32.88±4.96
Educational status
	High school		82	21.2
	University		242	62.7
	Postgraduate		62	16.1
Occupation
	Midwifery		147	38.1
	Nurse		210	54.4
	Physician		29	7.5
Family type
	Nuclear family		386	100.0
Employment status of spouses
	Working		386	100.0
Weekly working time
	36-40 hours		386	100.0
	Child age (months)	38.78±18.24
Child gender
	Girl		199	51.6
	Boy		187	48.4
Number of children
	1-2		386	100.0
Time of starting solid food
	Before six months		81	21.0
	After six months		305	79.0
Caregiver while the mother was at work
	Caregiver		272	70.5
	Kindergarten		114	29.5

Variables / Sub-dimension		Min-Max^* * These are the lowest and highest values obtained in this study. High scores on the scales indicate that eating problems are increasing and that the mother’s attitudes towards the feeding process are problematic. M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation.	M	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
Mother’s attitudes towards the feeding process scale
	Negative affect during the meal	6-30	15.53	5.70	0.447	-0.532
	Attitudes about insufficient/unbalanced feeding	8-40	25.60	7.09	-0.310	-0.607
	Negative feeding strategies	5-25	11.42	4.71	0.846	0.307
	Forced feeding	4-20	6.44	3.80	1.911	2.912
	Reaction to the viewpoints of others	4-20	10.33	4.01	0.412	-0.563
Behavioral pediatric feeding assessment scale
	Picky eaters	8-33	18.87	4.45	0.269	-0.075
	Toddler refusal-general	5-23	11.99	3.89	0.799	0.023
	Toddler refusal– textured foods	5-22	9.10	4.09	1.131	0.696
	Older children refusal - general	7-34	17.12	4.63	0.777	0.655

Variables		Picky eaters	Toddler re-fusal – general	Toddler refusal – textured foods	Older children r efusal – general
Maternal age
	r	-0.046	-0.113^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level,	-0.046	0.004
	p	0.371	0.027	0.365	0.942
Educational status
	r	-0.101^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level,	-0.197^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.216^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.201^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.048	0.000	0.000	0.000
Occupation
	r	0.022	-0.243**	-0.188^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.228^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.673	0.000	0.000	0.000
Child age
	r	0.108^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level,	-0.042	-0.038	0.099
	p	0.033	0.411	0.454	0.051
Child gender
	r	-0.030	-0.138^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.031	-0.039
	p	0.557	0.007	0.545	0.440
Caregiver while the mother was at work
	r	0.041	-0.110^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level,	-0.051	0.003
	p	0.422	0.031	0.317	0.957
Time of starting solid food
	r	-0.163^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level,	-0.411^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.355^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	-0.465**
	p	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
Negative affect during the meal
	r	0.408^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.732^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.559^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.671^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Attitudes about insufficient/ unbalanced feeding
	r	0.276^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.547^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.355^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.500^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Negative feeding strategies
	r	0.415^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.681^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.648^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.670^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Forced feeding
	r	0.405^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.651^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.725^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.641^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Reaction to the view points of others
	r	0.273^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.561^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.511^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.	0.544^ p is significant at the p<0.001. r: Spearman Correlation Analysis.
	p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Variables	Model	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	p	95% CI		R²
Variables	Model	B	SD	β	t	p	Lower	Upper	R²
Picky eaters	Constant	12.200	1.728		7.060	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	8.802	15.598	0.26
	Occupation (Reference: Midwifery)
	Physician	4.791	0.871	0.28	5.497	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	3.077	6.504
	Nurse	0.357	0.436	0.04	0.819	0.413	- 0.500	1.215
	Negative affect during the meal	0.216	0.055	0.27	3.911	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.107	0.325
	Negative feeding strategies sub-dimension	0.222	0.075	0.23	2.949	0.003^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.074	0.369
Toddler re-fusal-general	Constant	2.875	1.029		2.795	0.005^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.852	4.898	0.65
	Child age	-0.017	0.007	-0.08	-2.321	0.021^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	-0.032	-0.003
	Child gender (Reference: Boy)	0.747	0.239	0.09	3.122	0.002^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.276	1.217
	Time of starting solid food (Reference: After six months)	0.888	0.326	0.09	2.724	0.007^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.247	1.530
	Negative affect during the meal	0.264	0.033	0.38	8.025	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.199	0.329
	Negative feeding strategies	0.100	0.045	0.12	2.238	0.026^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.012	0.188
	Forced feeding	0.289	0.049	0.28	5.902	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.192	0.385
Toddler refusal - textured foods	Constant	1.452	1.190		1.220	0.223	-0.888	3.4791	0.58
	Maternal age	0.065	0.031	0.07	2.116	0.035^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.005	0.125
	Child age	-0.029	0.009	-0.13	-3.377	0.001^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	-0.046	-0.012
	Negative affect during the meal	0.119	0.038	0.16	3.117	0.002^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.044	0.193
	Attitudes about Insufficient/ Unbalanced Feeding	-0.059	0.029	-0.10	-2.023	0.044^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	-0.116	-0.002
	Negative feeding strategies	0.184	0.052	0.21	3.557	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.082	0.286
	Forced feeding	0.525	0.057	0.48	9.281	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.414	0.636
Older children refusal - general	Constant	4.469	1.316		3.395	0.001^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	1.881	7.057	0.60
	Maternal age	0.085	0.034	0.09	2.498	0.013^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.018	0.151
	Time of starting solid food (Reference: After six months)	2.215	0.417	0.19	5.309	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	1.394	3.035
	Negative affect during the meal	0.248	0.042	0.30	5.887	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.165	0.331
	Negative feeding strategies	0.181	0.057	0.18	3.166	0.002^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.069	0.294
	Forced feeding	0.257	0.063	0.21	4.106	0.000^* * p is significant at the p<0.05 level. B: unstandardized regression coefficients; R2: variance explained; SE B, standard error of B; t: Student's t; β: standardized regression coefficients.	0.134	0.380

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[1] Correspondence to: S ERGÜN. E-mail: sibel.ergun@balikesir.edu.tr.