Overweight in Sateré-Mawé indigenous residents of an urban area in Parintins, Amazonas

Radicchi, Marcelo Rocha

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202336e220109

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ORIGINAL | Collective Health • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e220109 copy

Overweight in Sateré-Mawé indigenous residents of an urban area in Parintins, Amazonas

Sobrepeso em indígenas Sateré-Mawé residentes em área urbana de Parintins, Amazonas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To verify overweight prevalence in the Sateré-Mawé indigenous population over 18 years of age, residing in the city of Parintins (AM), Brazil, and to assess its associated variables.

Methods

Household survey performed in the urban area of Parintins in 2017, visiting new households in each interview, completing the census universe. Self-declared Sateré-Mawé, over 18 years of age, residing in the city for a period longer than one year were considered eligible. Overweight was considered for body mass index values ≥ 25 kg/m² or ≥ 27 kg/m², for those over 60 years of age. Household information on social assistance, as well as individual information such as speaking the indigenous language, years living in the city and also in the indigenous territory, income, work, schooling, marital status, leisure and transport physical activity level, and time watching television per week were retrieved. The hierarchical logistic model analysis was carried out, calculating the odds ratio and confidence interval (95%).

Results

A total of 174 subjects participated in the survey, 42% being overweight. Those who spoke the Sateré-Mawé language, number of years living in the city, working outside home and being married had a positive effect on the outcome, but lost significance in the final model. Only transport insufficient physical activity (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.01-4.98) and being in the age group from 30 to 59 years (OR=8.79, 95% CI=3.41-22.64) maintained statistical significance.

Conclusion

Efforts to provide visibility to the health situation of urban indigenous populations in Brazil are necessary. Poor transport infrastructure in the city seems to favor transport physical activity levels as a necessity, in addition to age, which is commonly associated with overweight.

Keywords
Health of indigenous peoples; Nutrition surveys; Nutritional status; Overweight; Urban area

Hierarchical level	Independent variable
1º - Domicile (DISTAL)	Home receives family allowance
2º - Indigenous sociocultural bond	Speak Sateré-Mawé Proportion of years lived in indigenous territory Years living in Parintins
3º - Socioeconomic	Individual monthly income Work outside the domicile Education Marital status
4º - Behavioral	Level of physical activity in leisure time Level of physical activity in transport Hours watching television per week
5º - Biological (PROXIMAL)	Gender Age

	Variables/Category	n	%
Receives Government family allowance
	No	136	78.2
	Yes	38	21.8
Speaks Sateré-Mawé
	No	34	19.5
	Yes	140	80.5
Proportion of years lived in indigenous territory^a a The ratio between the reported years residing in the Andirá-Marau Indigenous Territory (from the Sateré-Mawé ethnic group) and the age calculated from the date of birth informed by each participant was considered.
	Less than 1/4	53	30.5
	1/4 to 1/2	51	29.3
	1/2 to 3/4	34	19.5
	More than 3/4	36	20.7
Individual monthly income^b b The tertiles were used, corresponding to the following quoted values of individual monthly income in Reais in the year 2017: low (below R$ 172.00), medium (R$ 172.00 to 940.00) and high (above R$ 172.00 BRL to 940.00).
	Low	55	31.6
	Mean	58	33.3
	High	61	35.1
Work outside the domicile
	Yes	73	42.0
	No	101	58.0
Education
	Basic or uneducated	48	27.6
	High school	60	34.5
	After high school or higher	66	37.9
Marital status
	Not married / not living together	68	39.1
	Married / lives together with partner	106	60.9
Level of physical activity in leisure time
	Insufficient	115	66.1
	Active	59	33.9
Level of physical activity during transport
	Insufficient	112	64.4
	Active	62	35.6
Hours watching television per week
	Less than 3 hours a day	128	73.6
	3 hours or more per day	46	26.4
Nutritional status^c c The Body Mass Index (BMI) value greater than or equal to 25.0kg/m2 was used as a cut-off point for overweight for participants under 60 years of age and values greater than or equal to 27.0 kg/m2 for those aged 60 and over.
	Eutrophy	101	58.0
	Overweight	73	42.0
Gender
	Male	86	49.4
	Female	88	50.6
Age
	18 to 29 years of age	84	48.3
	30 to 59 years of age	66	37.9
	60 years or older	24	13.8
	Years living in Parintins (mean±standard deviation)	13.8±10.2

Independent variable	ß	p-value
Receives Government family allowance	0.007	0.98
Speaks Sateré-Mawé	1.235	0.00^*
Proportion of years lived in indigenous territory	0.09-	0.51
Years living in Parintins	0.029	0.05^*
Individual monthly income	0.303	0.11
Work outside the domicile	1.123	0.00^*
Education	-0.13-	0.49
Marital status	1.097	0.00^*
Level of physical activity in leisure time	0.622	0.06
Level of physical activity in transport	0.634	0.05^*
Hours watching television per week	0.325	0.34
Gender	-0.181	0.55
Age	0.834	0.00^*

Hierarchical level			Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Hierarchical level			OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Domicile (DISTAL) ^b b Indicates that at the corresponding hierarchical level, no variable was significant considering a=0.05.
Indigenous sociocultural bond
	Speak Sateré-Mawé
		No	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
		Yes	3.89^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.56-9.70)	2.75^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.05-7.20)	2.97^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.12-7.88)	1.38	(0.46-4.18)
	Years living in Parintins ^c c It is a discrete independent variable. Ref: This is the reference category for the odds ratio (OR).		1.04^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.00-1.07)	1.03^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.00-1.06)	1.03^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.00-1.06)	1	(0.97-1.04)
Socioeconomic
	Work outside the domicile
		No			Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
		Yes			2.26^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.16-4.39)	2.33^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.19-4.75)	1.97	(0.94-4.13)
	Marital status
		Not married			Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
		Married			2.44^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.22-4.91)	2.58^*	(1.26-5.25)	1.32	(0.57-3.04)
Behavioral
	Level of physical activity in transport
		Active					Ref.		Ref.
		Insufficiently active					2.22^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.09-4.53)	2.24^* * p-value =0.05.	(1.01-4.98)
		Biologic (PROXIMAL)
Age
		18 to 29 years							Ref.
		30 to 59 years							8.79^* * p-value =0.05.	(3.41-22.64)
		60 years or more							2.09	(0.64-6.80)

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[1] E-mail: radicchi@ufam.edu.br.