Nutritional indicators of food and nutrition security of families: 2008/2009 Household Budget Survey

Morais, Dayane de Castro; Rodrigues, Cristiana Tristão; Ribeiro, Andreia Queiroz; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Priore, Silvia Eloiza

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202336e220110

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ORIGINAL | Collective Health • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e220110 copy

Nutritional indicators of food and nutrition security of families: 2008/2009 Household Budget Survey

Indicadores nutricionais da segurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias: Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To evaluate the food and nutrition insecurity of Brazilian families, according to indicators of food consumption and nutritional status, by location and situation of the households investigated using the 2008/2009 Household Budget Survey.

Methods

Inadequate consumption of macronutrients and nutritional dystrophies (underweight, short stature or overweight) in at least one family member were used as indicators, according to location and geographical situation of households. The prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity and their confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

Food consumption was assessed in a total of 13,569 households; a total of 67.55%, 43.96% and 6.85% revealed inadequacy for lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, respectively. Among the 53,640 households assessed by nutritional status, 15.10%, 35.15% and 45.50% had, at least one resident with low weight, short stature or overweight respectively. The Northeastern Region showed statistically higher prevalence than other Brazilian macro-regions for inadequate lipids (24.88%) and carbohydrates (15.32%), as well as for the presence of underweight (6.15%), overweight (14.77%) and short stature (15.17%), in at least one of the residents of the household.

Conclusion

Assessing the nutritional aspect of food insecurity allows for a better understanding of the dimensions of this situation by considering the effects of access and availability of food, as well as biological use and stability, based on indicators of inadequate food consumption and the presence of nutritional dystrophy. The results found in this study enhance the need to include nutritional indicators in the assessment of food security.

Keywords
Eating; Food security; Household and family; Nutritional status

Location or situation	Inadequate consumption of macronutrients by at least one resident – % (95% CI)
Location or situation	Lipids	Carbohydrates	Proteins
Brazil	67.55 (66.52-68.45)	43.96 (42.64-45.17)	6.85 (5.24-8.58)
Urban	50.82 (49.61-51.98)	32.33 (30.91-33.70)	4.75 (3.15-6.57)
Rural	16.73^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (15.18-18.29)	11.63^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (10.05-13.28)	2.10^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.77-4.52)
Northeast	24.88^b a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (23.34-26.28)	15.32^b a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (13.76-16.90)	2.60^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.16-4.77)
Southeast	14.01^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (12.45-15.62)	8.93^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (7.36-10.65)	1.06^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.01-3.78)
North	10.85^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.26-12.50)	7.17^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.55-8.88)	1.73^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.46-4.28)
Central-West	9.29^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (7.66-10.93)	6.69^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.07-8.41)	0.72^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.025-5.49)
South	8.51^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (6.94-10.24)	5.82^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (4.28-7.68)	0.70^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.02-5.66)

Location or situation	Inadequate nutritional status of at least one resident – % (95% CI)
Location or situation	Low weight	Overweight	Short stature
Brazil	15.10 (14.32-15.89)	45.50 (45.07-46.32)	35.15 (34.41-35.78)
Urban	10.93 10.11-11.72	35.47 34.71-36.08	25.28 (24.47-25.94)
Rural	4.17^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (3.32-5.02)	10.03^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.21-10.83)	9.87^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.01-10.63)
Northeast	6.15^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.32-6.98)	14.77^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (13.92-15.49)	15.17^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (14.33-15.90)
Southeast	3.49^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (2.63-4.34)	11.42^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (10.61-12.21)	6.49^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.61-7.26)
North	2.01^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.28-3.06)	6.42^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.61-7.27)	6.41^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.60-7.26)
Central-West	2.16^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.32-3.05)	6.88^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (6.00-7.66)	4.23^d a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (3.40-5.09)
South	1.26^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.05-2.30)	6.00^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.20-6.87)	2.84^d a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (2.04-3.77)

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[1] Correspondence to: DC MORAIS. E-mail: dayanecm@yahoo.com.br.