Indicadores nutricionais da segurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias: Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009

Morais, Dayane de Castro; Rodrigues, Cristiana Tristão; Ribeiro, Andreia Queiroz; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Priore, Silvia Eloiza

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Sumário

ORIGINAL | Collective Health • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e220110 copiar

Indicadores nutricionais da segurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias: Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Avaliar a insegurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias brasileiras segundo indicadores de consumo alimentar e estado nutricional, por localização e situação dos domicílios investigados pela Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar 2008/2009.

Métodos

Foram utilizados, como indicadores de insegurança alimentar e nutricional, o consumo inadequado de macronutrientes e distrofias nutricionais (baixo peso, baixa estatura ou excesso de peso) em pelo menos um membro da família, conforme localização e situação geográfica dos domicílios. Calculou-se a prevalência de insegurança alimentar e nutricional e seus intervalos de confiança.

Resultados

Foram avaliados 13.569 domicílios pelo consumo alimentar, sendo que 67,55%, 43,96% e 6,85% apresentaram inadequação para lipídios, carboidratos e proteínas, respectivamente. Entre os 53.640 domicílios avaliados pelo estado nutricional, 15,10%, 35,15% e 45,50% apresentam, respectivamente, pelo menos um morador com baixo peso, baixa estatura ou excesso de peso. O Nordeste apresentou prevalências estatisticamente maiores do que as demais macrorregiões para as inadequações de lipídios (24,88%) e de carboidratos (15,32%), bem como para presença de baixo peso (6,15%), excesso de peso (14,77%) e baixa estatura (15,17%), em pelo menos um dos moradores do domicílio.

Conclusão

Avaliar a vertente nutricional da insegurança alimentar permite maior compreensão das dimensões dessa situação por considerar os reflexos do acesso e disponibilidade de alimentos, bem como a utilização biológica e estabilidade, a partir dos indicadores de consumo alimentar inadequado e presença de distrofia nutricional. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de incluir indicadores nutricionais na avaliação da segurança alimentar.

Palavras-chave
Ingestão de alimentos; Segurança alimentar; Família e domicílio; Estado nutricional

Location or situation	Inadequate consumption of macronutrients by at least one resident – % (95% CI)
Location or situation	Lipids	Carbohydrates	Proteins
Brazil	67.55 (66.52-68.45)	43.96 (42.64-45.17)	6.85 (5.24-8.58)
Urban	50.82 (49.61-51.98)	32.33 (30.91-33.70)	4.75 (3.15-6.57)
Rural	16.73^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (15.18-18.29)	11.63^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (10.05-13.28)	2.10^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.77-4.52)
Northeast	24.88^b a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (23.34-26.28)	15.32^b a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (13.76-16.90)	2.60^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.16-4.77)
Southeast	14.01^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (12.45-15.62)	8.93^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (7.36-10.65)	1.06^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.01-3.78)
North	10.85^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.26-12.50)	7.17^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.55-8.88)	1.73^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.46-4.28)
Central-West	9.29^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (7.66-10.93)	6.69^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.07-8.41)	0.72^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.025-5.49)
South	8.51^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (6.94-10.24)	5.82^c a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (4.28-7.68)	0.70^a a, b, c Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the dietary intake of macronutrients by at least one resident of the household statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.02-5.66)

Location or situation	Inadequate nutritional status of at least one resident – % (95% CI)
Location or situation	Low weight	Overweight	Short stature
Brazil	15.10 (14.32-15.89)	45.50 (45.07-46.32)	35.15 (34.41-35.78)
Urban	10.93 10.11-11.72	35.47 34.71-36.08	25.28 (24.47-25.94)
Rural	4.17^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (3.32-5.02)	10.03^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.21-10.83)	9.87^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (9.01-10.63)
Northeast	6.15^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.32-6.98)	14.77^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (13.92-15.49)	15.17^b a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (14.33-15.90)
Southeast	3.49^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (2.63-4.34)	11.42^a a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (10.61-12.21)	6.49^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.61-7.26)
North	2.01^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.28-3.06)	6.42^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.61-7.27)	6.41^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.60-7.26)
Central-West	2.16^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (1.32-3.05)	6.88^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (6.00-7.66)	4.23^d a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (3.40-5.09)
South	1.26^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (0.05-2.30)	6.00^c a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (5.20-6.87)	2.84^d a, b, c, d Equal letters (column) indicate prevalence of inadequacy in the nutritional status of at least one household resident statistically equal, according to situation (rural) and/or location (macro-region). (2.04-3.77)

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[1] Correspondence to: DC MORAIS. E-mail: dayanecm@yahoo.com.br.