Food insecurity, food expenses and consumption of sugar and soft drinks in households with and without children and/or adolescents

SOUZA, Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de; CAMARGO, Daniele Flaviane Mendes; SEGALL-CORRÊA, Ana Maria; MARÍN-LEÓN, Letícia; FRANCISCO, Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202134e200127

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Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev. Nutr. 34 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202134e200127 copy

Food insecurity, food expenses and consumption of sugar and soft drinks in households with and without children and/or adolescents

Insegurança alimentar, gasto com alimentos e consumo de açúcar e refrigerante em domicílios com e sem crianças e/ou adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives

To estimate the frequency of food insecurity in households with and without children/adolescents; compare food expenses, sugar and soft drinks consumption in these households; and to analyze the relationship between food insecurity and demographic/socioeconomic variables with food expenses, and sugar and soft drinks consumption in households with and without children/adolescents.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with 628 households in Campinas, SP, Brazil. Food insecurity was estimated by the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. The dependent variables were the proportion of food expenses, and consumption of sugar and soft drinks; and the independent ones included food security/insecurity condition, monthly family income, gender, age and education of the household head.

Results

The frequency of food insecurity was higher in households with children/adolescents than in households without minors (41.4% vs. 27.9%). The proportion of food expenses was higher in households with children/adolescents and in all households it was associated with lower family income and, in households with minors, to the presence of a female householder. Soft drinks consumption was higher in households with children/adolescents; and was related to higher income in all households, and to the presence of male householder in households with minors. Sugar consumption in households with children/adolescents was associated with higher income, male gender and education level of the household head (<12 years). In households without children/adolescents, the higher sugar consumption was associated with food insecurity and the household head’s education (<8 years).

Conclusion

In households with children/adolescents there was a greater frequency of food insecurity and a greater commitment of income with food. Food insecurity was associated with increased sugar consumption in households without children/adolescents.

Keywords:
Carbonated beverages; Food and nutrition security; Food consumption; Social conditions; Sugars

	Households with children and/or adolescents (n=309)		Households without children and/or adolescents (n=319)		p-value
	n	Median	n	Median	p-value
Proportion of per capita monthly family expenses on food (%)	309	24.5	319	20.9	0.013^****
Daily per capita consumption
Sugar (g)	309	41.1	319	32.9	0.896^****
Soft drinks (ml)	309	98.6	319	87.6	0.013^****
	n	%	n	%
Food security condition					0.005^*****
Food security^#	181	58.6	230	72.1
Mild food insecurity^#	102	33.0	71	22.3
Moderate food insecurity	15	4.9	12	3.8
Severe food insecurity	11	3.5	6	1.8
Monthly per capita family income					<0.001^*****
≥1 Minimum wage	201	65.0	260	81.5
<1 Minimum wage	108	35.0	59	18.5
Gender of the head of the household^*					0.032^*****
Male	201	72.0	178	63.6
Female	78	28.0	102	36.4
Age of the head of the household ^**					<0.001^*****
18-39 years^#	89	32.0	30	10.8
40-59 years^#	145	52.2	116	41.6
60 years and more^#	44	15.8	133	47.6
Education level of the head of the household^***					<0.001^*****
≥12 years of school	22	7.9	25	9.0
≥9 and <12 years^#	104	37.5	57	20.4
≤8 years^#	151	54.6	197	70.6

Independent variables	Households with children and/or adolescents		Households without children and/or adolescents
Independent variables	β	p-value	β	p-value
Food security condition (food security reference)	0.1137	0.236	0.1338	0.197
Monthly per capita family income^*	-0.00039	<0.001	-0.00049	<0.001
Gender of the head of the household (female reference)	-0.2298	0.023	-0.03353	0.730
Age of the head of the household^*	-0.00229	0.354	-0.00035	0.787
Education level of the head of the household ≥9 and <12 years (reference ≥12 years)	-0.07785	0.676	-0.1321	0.494
Education level of the head of the household ≤8 years (reference ≥12 years)	-0.05230	0.784	-0.07385	0.676

Independent variables	Households with children and/or adolescents				Households without children and/or adolescents
	Sugar		Soft drinks		Sugar		Soft drinks
	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value
Food security condition (food security reference)	-	-	-	-	0.2207	0.017	-	-
Monthly per capita family income^*	0.000252	0.001	0.000485	<0.001	-	-	0.000278	<0.001
Gender of the head of the household (female reference)	0.4527	<0.001	-0.3827	0.001	-	-	-	-
Age of the head of the household^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education level of the head of the household ≥9 and <12 years (reference ≥12 years)	0.6096	<0.001	-	-	0.1647	0.340	-	-
Education level of the head of the household ≤8 years (reference ≥12 years)	0.9849	<0.001	-	-	0.2742^**	0.010	-	-

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[1] Correspondence to:
BFNJ SOUZA. E-mail: <brunafnjs@hotmail.com>.